Exercise typologies of university students amidst COVID – 19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2022.0204Keywords:
exercise typologies, physical education, university students, physical activityAbstract
Background And Study Aim. The rising of physical inactivity among university students amidst Covid-19 pandemic is a worldwide concern. Thus, the purpose of this research is to describe and explain the status quo of university students in terms of their physical activity engagement level. Materials and Methods. Descriptive research design was used in the study employing survey questionnaire. There were 1,648 respondents of the study from one of the Higher Educational Institutions in Cebu City, Philippines taking physical education subject. Results. Based on the survey conducted, results revealed that in spite of the presence of pandemic, university students still engage themselves in different exercise typologies and/or physical activity in varying frequency of execution to stay active. Similarly, household chores are considered as an opportunity in physical activity engagement amidst the pandemic as revealed in the study. Conclusions. Despite the challenges and online modality of learning, university students engaged in different exercise typologies to stay active in varying frequency means. Understanding university students’ physical activity’s inclination amidst the pandemic entails planning new teaching strategies and approaches which cater their interest to encourage and motivate to live an active lifestyle even staying at home with limited access to facilities. Further, the study recommended an exercise program to be used either as teaching tool for effective teaching strategies and approaches for students’ physical activity interest in online learning modality especially in this global pandemic.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02300
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https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7010023
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051213
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https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181e7da73
27. Saeterbakken AH, Bårdstu HB, Brudeseth A, Andersen V. Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Properties, Physical Function, and Physical Activity among Frail Older People: A Pilot Study. Journal of Aging Research. 2018;2018: 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8916274
28. Baker JS, Davies B, Cooper SM, Wong DP, Buchan DS, Kilgore L. Strength and Body Composition Changes in Recreationally Strength-Trained Individuals: Comparison of One versus Three Sets Resistance-Training Programmes. BioMed Research International. 2013;2013: 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/615901
29. Myer GD, Kushner AM, Brent JL, Schoenfeld BJ, Hugentobler J, Lloyd RS, et al. The Back Squat: A Proposed Assessment of Functional Deficits and Technical Factors That Limit Performance. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2014;36(6): 4–27.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000103
30. Miletello WM, Beam JR, Cooper ZC. A biomechanical analysis of the squat between competitive collegiate, competitive high school, and novice powerlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009;23(5): 1611–1617.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a3c6ef
31. Myer GD, Brent JL, Ford KR, Hewett TE. Real-time assessment and neuromuscular training feedback techniques to prevent ACL injury in female athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 2011;33(3): 21–35.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318213afa8
32. Lamont HS, Cramer JT, Bemben DA, Shehab RL, Anderson MA, Bemben MG. Effects of a 6-Week Periodized Squat Training With or Without Whole-Body Vibration Upon Short-Term Adaptations in Squat Strength and Body Composition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011;25(7): 1839–1848.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e7ffad
33. Lorenzetti S, Ostermann M, Zeidler F, Zimmer P, Jentsch L, List R, et al. How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2018;10(1): 14.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7
34. Do Y chan, Yoo W gyu. Comparison of the thicknesses of the transversus abdominis and internal abdominal obliques during plank exercises on different support surfaces. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2015;27(1): 169–170.
https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.169
35. Lee J, Jeong K, Lee H, Shin J, Choi J, Kang S, et al. Comparison of three different surface plank exercises on core muscle activity. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 2016;5(1): 29–33.
https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2016.5.1.29
36. Mok NW, Yeung EW, Cho JC, Hui SC, Liu KC, Pang CH. Core muscle activity during suspension exercises. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2015;18(2): 189–194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.01.002
37. Page P. Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7(1):109-19.
38. O’Sullivan K, Murray E, Sainsbury D. The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2009;10(1): 37.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-10-37
39. McHugh MP, Magnusson SP, Gleim GW, Nicholas JA. Viscoelastic stress relaxation in human skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24(12):1375-82.
40. Bandy WD, Irion JM. The Effect of Time on Static Stretch on the Flexibility of the Hamstring Muscles. Physical Therapy. 1994;74(9): 845–850.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/74.9.845
41. Cipriani D, Abel B, Pirrwitz D. A Comparison of Two Stretching Protocols on Hip Range of Motion: Implications for Total Daily Stretch Duration. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2003;17(2): 274.
https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0274:ACOTSP>2.0.CO;2
42. Taylor DC, Dalton JD, Seaber AV, Garrett WE. Viscoelastic properties of muscle-tendon units: The biomechanical effects of stretching. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1990;18(3): 300–309.
https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659001800314
43. Nesen O. Development of speed and strength abilities of children aged 12-13 years in physical education classes in the COVID-19 pandemic. Pedagogy of Health. 2022Feb.2;1(1):4–10.
https://doi.org/10.15561/health.2022.0101
44. Murphy MH, Donnelly P, Breslin G, Shibli S, Nevill AM. Does doing housework keep you healthy? The contribution of domestic physical activity to meeting current recommendations for health. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1): 966.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-966
45. Wen X, Liang Y, Zhu J, Wu T. The Effects of Housework on the Health of Retired Older Adults: A Preliminary Investigation from the Tongji-Dongfeng Cohort Study, China. Reddy H (ed.) PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3): e57232.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057232
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557504
2. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;277: 55–64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
3. Pokhrel S, Chhetri R. A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning. Higher Education for the Future. 2021;8(1): 133–141.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481
4. Füzéki E, Groneberg DA, Banzer W. Physical activity during COVID-19 induced lockdown: recommendations. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. 2020;15(1): 25.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-00278-9
5. Lee I-M, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet. 2012;380(9838): 219–229.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
6. Kumar B, Robinson R, Till S. Physical activity and health in adolescence. Clinical Medicine. 2015;15(3): 267–272.
https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.15-3-267
7. Dhawan S. Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems. 2020;49(1): 5–22.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
8. Basilaia G, Kvavadze D. Transition to Online Education in Schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research. 2020;5(4).
https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
9. Garcia MA, Custodio ER. Home quarantine - based rhythmic exercises: new fitness assessment and intervention in teaching physical education. Physical Education of Students. 2021;25(1): 51–57.
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0107
10. King AC, Powell KE, Kraus WE. The US Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report—Introduction. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2019;51(6): 1203–1205.
https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001946
11. Speziale, Carpenter DR. Qualitative research in nursing : advancing the humanistic imperative. In: Helen J. Streubert Speziale, Dona R. Carpenter. (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.
12. Haible S, Volk C, Demetriou Y, Höner O, Thiel A, Trautwein U, et al. Promotion of physical activity-related health competence in physical education: study protocol for the GEKOS cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1): 396.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6686-4
13. Fletcher GF, Landolfo C, Niebauer J, Ozemek C, Arena R, Lavie CJ. Promoting Physical Activity and Exercise. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;72(14): 1622–1639.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2141
14. Reiner M, Niermann C, Jekauc D, Woll A. Long-term health benefits of physical activity – a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1): 813.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-813
15. Mandolesi L, Polverino A, Montuori S, Foti F, Ferraioli G, Sorrentino P, et al. Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Functioning and Wellbeing: Biological and Psychological Benefits. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018;9: 509.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509
16. Nystoriak MA, Bhatnagar A. Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2018;5: 135.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2018.00135
17. Bremer Z. Dance as a form of exercise. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners. 2007;57(535): 166.
18. Bastug G. Examination of Body Composition, Flexibility, Balance, and Concentration Related to Dance Exercise. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 2018;4(3): 210- 215.
19. Lee D chul, Pate RR, Lavie CJ, Sui X, Church TS, Blair SN. Leisure-Time Running Reduces All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014;64(5): 472–481.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058
20. Jayakody K, Gunadasa S, Hosker C. Exercise for anxiety disorders: systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014;48(3): 187–196.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091287
21. Oswald F, Campbell J, Williamson C, Richards J, Kelly P. A Scoping Review of the Relationship between Running and Mental Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(21): 8059.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218059
22. Rowe DJ. Runners are lacing up in huge numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Internet]. 2020. Montreal. [cited 2021 Jul 21]. Available online: https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/runners-are-lacing-up-in-huge-numbers-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-1.4883255?cache=%3FclipId%3D68597
23. Stenling A, Moylan A, Fulton E, Machado L. Effects of a Brief Stair-Climbing Intervention on Cognitive Performance and Mood States in Healthy Young Adults. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019;10: 2300.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02300
24. Hongu N, Shimada M, Miyake R, Nakajima Y, Nakajima I, Yoshitake Y. Promoting Stair Climbing as an Exercise Routine among Healthy Older Adults Attending a Community-Based Physical Activity Program. Sports. 2019;7(1): 23.
https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7010023
25. Halsey LG, Watkins DAR, Duggan BM. The Energy Expenditure of Stair Climbing One Step and Two Steps at a Time: Estimations from Measures of Heart Rate. Earnest CP (ed.) PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12): e51213.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051213
26. Phillips SM, Winett RA. Uncomplicated resistance training and health-related outcomes: evidence for a public health mandate. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2010;9(4): 208–213.
https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181e7da73
27. Saeterbakken AH, Bårdstu HB, Brudeseth A, Andersen V. Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Properties, Physical Function, and Physical Activity among Frail Older People: A Pilot Study. Journal of Aging Research. 2018;2018: 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8916274
28. Baker JS, Davies B, Cooper SM, Wong DP, Buchan DS, Kilgore L. Strength and Body Composition Changes in Recreationally Strength-Trained Individuals: Comparison of One versus Three Sets Resistance-Training Programmes. BioMed Research International. 2013;2013: 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/615901
29. Myer GD, Kushner AM, Brent JL, Schoenfeld BJ, Hugentobler J, Lloyd RS, et al. The Back Squat: A Proposed Assessment of Functional Deficits and Technical Factors That Limit Performance. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2014;36(6): 4–27.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000103
30. Miletello WM, Beam JR, Cooper ZC. A biomechanical analysis of the squat between competitive collegiate, competitive high school, and novice powerlifters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009;23(5): 1611–1617.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a3c6ef
31. Myer GD, Brent JL, Ford KR, Hewett TE. Real-time assessment and neuromuscular training feedback techniques to prevent ACL injury in female athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 2011;33(3): 21–35.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318213afa8
32. Lamont HS, Cramer JT, Bemben DA, Shehab RL, Anderson MA, Bemben MG. Effects of a 6-Week Periodized Squat Training With or Without Whole-Body Vibration Upon Short-Term Adaptations in Squat Strength and Body Composition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011;25(7): 1839–1848.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e7ffad
33. Lorenzetti S, Ostermann M, Zeidler F, Zimmer P, Jentsch L, List R, et al. How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2018;10(1): 14.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7
34. Do Y chan, Yoo W gyu. Comparison of the thicknesses of the transversus abdominis and internal abdominal obliques during plank exercises on different support surfaces. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2015;27(1): 169–170.
https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.169
35. Lee J, Jeong K, Lee H, Shin J, Choi J, Kang S, et al. Comparison of three different surface plank exercises on core muscle activity. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 2016;5(1): 29–33.
https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2016.5.1.29
36. Mok NW, Yeung EW, Cho JC, Hui SC, Liu KC, Pang CH. Core muscle activity during suspension exercises. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2015;18(2): 189–194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.01.002
37. Page P. Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012;7(1):109-19.
38. O’Sullivan K, Murray E, Sainsbury D. The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2009;10(1): 37.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-10-37
39. McHugh MP, Magnusson SP, Gleim GW, Nicholas JA. Viscoelastic stress relaxation in human skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24(12):1375-82.
40. Bandy WD, Irion JM. The Effect of Time on Static Stretch on the Flexibility of the Hamstring Muscles. Physical Therapy. 1994;74(9): 845–850.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/74.9.845
41. Cipriani D, Abel B, Pirrwitz D. A Comparison of Two Stretching Protocols on Hip Range of Motion: Implications for Total Daily Stretch Duration. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2003;17(2): 274.
https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0274:ACOTSP>2.0.CO;2
42. Taylor DC, Dalton JD, Seaber AV, Garrett WE. Viscoelastic properties of muscle-tendon units: The biomechanical effects of stretching. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1990;18(3): 300–309.
https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659001800314
43. Nesen O. Development of speed and strength abilities of children aged 12-13 years in physical education classes in the COVID-19 pandemic. Pedagogy of Health. 2022Feb.2;1(1):4–10.
https://doi.org/10.15561/health.2022.0101
44. Murphy MH, Donnelly P, Breslin G, Shibli S, Nevill AM. Does doing housework keep you healthy? The contribution of domestic physical activity to meeting current recommendations for health. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1): 966.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-966
45. Wen X, Liang Y, Zhu J, Wu T. The Effects of Housework on the Health of Retired Older Adults: A Preliminary Investigation from the Tongji-Dongfeng Cohort Study, China. Reddy H (ed.) PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3): e57232.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057232
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2022-04-30
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Garcia MA, Hernani MRA, Canillas JA, Jaluague JA, Pacquiao KS, Medillo D – HB. Exercise typologies of university students amidst COVID – 19 pandemic. Physical Education of Students. 2022;26(2):81-8. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2022.0204
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