Analysis of isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2019.0408Keywords:
isokinetic, knee, strength, soccer, player, agilityAbstract
Purpose: The aim of study is to analyse isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters. Methods: A total of 30 subjects, 15 soccer players and 15 controls, were included in the study. Isokinetic knee strength measurements at angular speeds of 60°sec-1, 180°sec-1 and 240°sec-1 and pro-agility tests were conducted on the subjects. A body analyser was used for height, weight and body mass indexes (BMI) values. The training ages of the subjects and the positions of the soccer player group were recorded on personal information forms. Results: When the agility parameters were compared between football and control groups, a statistical difference was found in favour of the soccer player group (p < 0.05). When the effects of body composition and isokinetic knee strength on agility were analysed, negative significant correlation was found between weight and agility, BMI and agility and 240° right knee extension strength and agility (p < 0.05). When the positions of soccer players and isokinetic knee strengths were compared, significance was found between 60° right extension strength of defenders and midfielders and 60° left extension-flexion strengths of defenders and midfielders and forwards in favour of defenders (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, it was found that isokinetic knee strength did not have an influence on agility in low angular speeds, except for 240°sec-1 right extension. According to positions, as the isokinetic knee strength of defenders decreased, they showed higher results when compared with other positions.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200502000-00013
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https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d67c65
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https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199806000-00022
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https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2000-0050
8. Sheppard JM, Warren BY. Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of sports sciences 2006; 24(9): 919- 932.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500457109
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https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200602000-00033
10. Malliou P, Ispirlidis I, Beneka A, Taxildaris K, Godolias G. Vertical jump and knee extensors isokinetic performance in professional soccer players related to the phase of the training period. Isokinetics and exercise science, 2003; 11(3): 165- 169.
https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2003-0144
11. Lees A, Nolan L. The biomechanics of soccer: A review, J Sports Sci, 1998; 19: 211– 234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/026404198366740
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https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891960
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https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1025049
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https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00032
19. Sierer SP, Battaglini CL, Mihalik JP, Shields EW, Tomasini NT. The National Football League Combine: performance differences between drafted and nondrafted players entering the 2004 and 2005 drafts. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(1): 6- 12.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815ef90c
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https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705000-00020
22. Brochu M. Effects of resistance training on physical function in older disabled women with coronary heart disease. Journal of applied physiology , 2002; 92(2): 672- 678.
https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00804.2001
23. De Proft E, Clarys JP, Bollens E, Cabri J, Dufour W. Muscle activity in the soccer kick. Science and football. London: E & FN Spon; 1988.
24. Öberg B, Möller M, Gillquist J, Ekstrand J. Isokinetic torque levels for knee extensors and knee flexors in soccer players. International journal of sports medicine, 1986; 7(01): 50- 53.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025735
25. Aginsky JD, Neophytou N, Charalambous T. Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength profiles of elite South African football players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2014; 20(3-2): 1225- 1575.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500101585
26. Rahnam, N, Lees A, Bambaecichi E. A comparison of muscle strength and flexibility between the preferred and non-preferred leg in English soccer players. Ergonomics, 2005; 48(11-14): 1568-1575.
27. Masuda K, Kikuhara N, Demura S, Katsuta S, Yamanaka K. Relationship between muscle strength in various isokinetic movements and kick performance among soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2005;45(1): 44.
28. Aktuğ ZB, Harbili E, Harbili S Comparison of Isokinetic Knee Strength Between the Dominant and Non-dominant Legs and Relationships Among Isokinetic Strength, Vertical Jump, and Speed Performance in Soccer Players. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016; 8(1): 8- 14.
https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2015-47409
29. Meriç B, Aydın M, Çolak T, Çolak E, Son M. The comparison of knee isokinetic performances and anthropometric measurement of professional soccers who play different position. Journal of Human Sciences, 2007; 4(2):10-16.
30. Yeefun S, Sirirat H, Chentanz T. Hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio in Mahidol University soccer players. J Health Sci , 2002; 11: 201-209.
31. Thomas K, French D, Hayes PR. The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2009; 23(1): 332- 335.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318183a01a
32. Çelenk Ç, Marangoz İ, Aktuğ ZB, Top E, Akıl M. The effect of quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscular force on static and dynamic balance performance. International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health, 2015; 2(2): 323-325.
33. Young W, Farrow D. A Review of Agility: Practical Applications for Strength and Conditioning. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 2006; 28(5): 24- 29.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200610000-00004
34. Young W, Hawken M, McDonald L. Relationship between speed, agility and strength qualities in Australian Rules football. Strength Cond Coach, 1996; 4(4): 3-6.
35. Delextrat A, Cohen D. Strength, power, speed, and agility of women basketball players according to playing position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2009; 23(7): 1974– 1981.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b86a7e
36. Paoule K, Madole K, Garhammer J, Lacourse M, Rozenek R. Reliability and validity of the t-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2000; 14: 443 – 450.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200011000-00012
37. Patterson S, Udermann B, Doberstein S, Reineke D. The effects of cold whirlpool on power, speed, agility, and range of motion. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2008;7: 387-394.
38. Erculj F, Blas M, Bracic M. Physical demands on young elite European female basketball players with special reference to speed, agility, explosive strength, and take-off power. J Strength Cond Res, 2010; 24(11): 2970– 2978.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e38107
39. Alemdaroğlu U. The relationship between muscle strength, anaerobic performance, agility, sprint ability and vertical jump performance in professional basketball players. Journal of human kinetics, 2012; 31: 149- 158.
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0016-6
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-11331
2. Little T, Alun GW. Specificity of acceleration, maximum speed, and agility in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2005; 19(1): 76- 78.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200502000-00013
3. Jovanovic M, Sporis G, Omrcen D, Fiorentini F. Effects of speed, agility, quickness training method on power performance in elite soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2011; 25(5): 1285- 1292.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d67c65
4. Mathieu R, Ferret JM, Moyen B, Rebourg JF Seller M. Protocole de mesure des amplitudes articulaires des membres inferieurs du footballeur, Act Sport et Med 1992; 15–19.
5. Bangsbo J, Nørregaard L, Thorsø F. Active profile of competition soccer, Can J Sports Sci , 1991; 16:110–116.
6. Levanon J, Dapena J. Comparison of the kinetics of the full-instep and pass kicks in soccer, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1998; 30:917– 927.
https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199806000-00022
7. Tourny-Chollet C, Leroy D, Beuret-Blanquart F. Isokinetic knee muscle strength of soccer players according to their position. Isokinetics and exercise science, 2000; 8(4): 187- 193.
https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2000-0050
8. Sheppard JM, Warren BY. Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of sports sciences 2006; 24(9): 919- 932.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500457109
9. Little T, Alun GW. Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2006; 20(1): 203- 307.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200602000-00033
10. Malliou P, Ispirlidis I, Beneka A, Taxildaris K, Godolias G. Vertical jump and knee extensors isokinetic performance in professional soccer players related to the phase of the training period. Isokinetics and exercise science, 2003; 11(3): 165- 169.
https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2003-0144
11. Lees A, Nolan L. The biomechanics of soccer: A review, J Sports Sci, 1998; 19: 211– 234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/026404198366740
12. Agre J, Baxter TL, Musculoskeletal profile of male collegiate soccer players, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1987; (68):147– 150.
13. Taşmektepligil MA. The Relationship between Balance Performance and KneeFlexor-Extensor Muscular Strength of Football Players. Anthropologist, 2016; 23(3): 398- 405.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891960
14. Zakas KM, Vamvakoudis K, Christoulas E, Aggelopoulou N. Peak torque of quadriceps and hamstrings muscles in basketball and soccer players of different divisions, J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1995; 35:199–205.
15. Gur H, Akova Z, Punduk Z, Kucukoglu S, Effects of age on the reciprocal peak torque ratios during knee muscles contractions in elite soccer players, Scand J Med Sci ,1999; 9:81- 87.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00213.x
16. Rochcongar P, Morvan R, Dasonville JJ, Beillot J. Isokinetic investigation of knee extensors and knee flexors in young French soccer players, Int J Sports Med 1988; 9: 448– 450.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1025049
17. Capranica L, Cama G, Fanton A, Tessitore A, Figura F. Force and power of preferred and non-preferred leg in young soccer players, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 1992; 31: 358–363.
18. Newman MA, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. Relationships between isokinetic knee strength, single-sprint performance, and repeated-sprint ability in football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2004;18(4): 867- 872.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200411000-00032
19. Sierer SP, Battaglini CL, Mihalik JP, Shields EW, Tomasini NT. The National Football League Combine: performance differences between drafted and nondrafted players entering the 2004 and 2005 drafts. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(1): 6- 12.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815ef90c
20. Alter MJ. Science of Stretching. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Pub.; 1988.
21. Davies MJ, Dalsky GP. Normalizing strength for body size differences in older adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1997;29(5):713- 717.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705000-00020
22. Brochu M. Effects of resistance training on physical function in older disabled women with coronary heart disease. Journal of applied physiology , 2002; 92(2): 672- 678.
https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00804.2001
23. De Proft E, Clarys JP, Bollens E, Cabri J, Dufour W. Muscle activity in the soccer kick. Science and football. London: E & FN Spon; 1988.
24. Öberg B, Möller M, Gillquist J, Ekstrand J. Isokinetic torque levels for knee extensors and knee flexors in soccer players. International journal of sports medicine, 1986; 7(01): 50- 53.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025735
25. Aginsky JD, Neophytou N, Charalambous T. Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps muscle strength profiles of elite South African football players. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2014; 20(3-2): 1225- 1575.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500101585
26. Rahnam, N, Lees A, Bambaecichi E. A comparison of muscle strength and flexibility between the preferred and non-preferred leg in English soccer players. Ergonomics, 2005; 48(11-14): 1568-1575.
27. Masuda K, Kikuhara N, Demura S, Katsuta S, Yamanaka K. Relationship between muscle strength in various isokinetic movements and kick performance among soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2005;45(1): 44.
28. Aktuğ ZB, Harbili E, Harbili S Comparison of Isokinetic Knee Strength Between the Dominant and Non-dominant Legs and Relationships Among Isokinetic Strength, Vertical Jump, and Speed Performance in Soccer Players. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016; 8(1): 8- 14.
https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2015-47409
29. Meriç B, Aydın M, Çolak T, Çolak E, Son M. The comparison of knee isokinetic performances and anthropometric measurement of professional soccers who play different position. Journal of Human Sciences, 2007; 4(2):10-16.
30. Yeefun S, Sirirat H, Chentanz T. Hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio in Mahidol University soccer players. J Health Sci , 2002; 11: 201-209.
31. Thomas K, French D, Hayes PR. The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2009; 23(1): 332- 335.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318183a01a
32. Çelenk Ç, Marangoz İ, Aktuğ ZB, Top E, Akıl M. The effect of quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscular force on static and dynamic balance performance. International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health, 2015; 2(2): 323-325.
33. Young W, Farrow D. A Review of Agility: Practical Applications for Strength and Conditioning. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 2006; 28(5): 24- 29.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200610000-00004
34. Young W, Hawken M, McDonald L. Relationship between speed, agility and strength qualities in Australian Rules football. Strength Cond Coach, 1996; 4(4): 3-6.
35. Delextrat A, Cohen D. Strength, power, speed, and agility of women basketball players according to playing position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2009; 23(7): 1974– 1981.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b86a7e
36. Paoule K, Madole K, Garhammer J, Lacourse M, Rozenek R. Reliability and validity of the t-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2000; 14: 443 – 450.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200011000-00012
37. Patterson S, Udermann B, Doberstein S, Reineke D. The effects of cold whirlpool on power, speed, agility, and range of motion. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2008;7: 387-394.
38. Erculj F, Blas M, Bracic M. Physical demands on young elite European female basketball players with special reference to speed, agility, explosive strength, and take-off power. J Strength Cond Res, 2010; 24(11): 2970– 2978.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e38107
39. Alemdaroğlu U. The relationship between muscle strength, anaerobic performance, agility, sprint ability and vertical jump performance in professional basketball players. Journal of human kinetics, 2012; 31: 149- 158.
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0016-6
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Published
2019-08-28
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Yılmaz A, Kabadayı M, Bostancı Ö., Özdal M, Mayda M. Analysis of isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters. Physical Education of Students. 2019;23(4):209-16. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2019.0408
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