The relationship between burnout levels and mindfulness of university students-athletes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2023.0301Keywords:
active athlete, burnout, mindfulness, studentAbstract
Background and Study Aim. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between burnout levels and mindfulness of students who are active athletes. Material and Methods. Descriptive analysis and correlational research model were utilized in the study. As data collection tools in the study, "Personal Information Form" including demographic information of the students was requested at first. Two scales were used: The "Athlete Burnout Scale," developed by Raedeke and Smith and adapted into Turkish by Kelecek et al.; The "Athlete Mindfulness Scale," developed by Thienot et al. and adapted into Turkish by Tingaz. The research group consisted of a total of 378 people, 96 women and 282 men, who were selected by random sampling method, actively practicing sports. In the study, t-test was used for pairwise comparisons and ANOVA test was used for multiple comparisons. Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between mindfulness and burnout levels. Results. In the study, it was found that there were significant differences in burnout levels depending on the gender variable and in some mindfulness sub-dimensions depending on the branch variable. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant negative relationship between burnout levels and mindfulness levels. Conclusions. The study found that active sports students with high mindfulness levels had lower levels of burnout, indicating that mindfulness may play a role in reducing burnout. While there were differences in mindfulness sub-dimensions based on age and sport type, overall mindfulness levels did not differ significantly.References
Freudenberger HJ. Staff Burn-Out. Journal of Social Issues, 1974;30(1): 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
Moen F, Federici RA, Abrahamsen F. Examining possible Relationships between mindfulness, stress, school-and sport performances and athlete burnout. International Journal of Coaching Science, 2015; 9(1):10–15.
Olsson LF, Madigan DJ, Hill AP, Grugan MC. Do Athlete and Coach Performance Perfectionism Predict Athlete Burnout? European Journal of Sport Science, 2022;22(7): 1073–1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1916080
Petterson H, Olson BL. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in High School and College Athletes for Reducing Stress and Injury, and Improving Quality of Life. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2017;26(6): 578–587. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0047
Zhang CQ, Li X, Si G, Chung PK, Huang Z, Gucciardi DF. Examining the roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout: A longitudinal study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2023;64: 102341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102341
Gustafsson H, Kenttä G, Hassmén P. Athlete burnout: an integrated model and future research directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2011;4(1): 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2010.541927
Rawdeke T. Is athlete burnout more than just stress? A sport commitment perspective. New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine, 1998; 26; 45–45.
Raedeke TD, Smith AL. Development and Preliminary Validation of an Athlete Burnout Measure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2001;23(4): 281–306. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.23.4.281
Gustafsson H, Hancock DJ, Côté J. Describing citation structures in sport burnout literature: A citation network analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2014;15(6): 620–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.07.001
Li C, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Gustafsson H, Chen T. Mindfulness and Athlete Burnout: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019;16(3): 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030449
Birrer D, Röthlin P, Morgan G. Mindfulness to Enhance Athletic Performance: Theoretical Considerations and Possible Impact Mechanisms. Mindfulness, 2012;3(3): 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0109-2
Zhang CQ, Si G, Chung PK, Gucciardi DF. Mindfulness and Burnout in Elite Junior Athletes: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2016;28(4): 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162223
Bühlmayer L, Birrer D, Röthlin P, Faude O, Donath L. Effects of Mindfulness Practice on Performance-Relevant Parameters and Performance Outcomes in Sports: A Meta-Analytical Review. Sports Medicine, 2017;47(11): 2309–2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0752-9
Altun IR, Çoşkun R, Bayraktaroğlu S, Yıldırım E. Research Sciences in Social Sciences: SPSS Applied. Sakarya Bookstore; 2004.
Kurtuluş K. Pazarlama Araştırmaları. Genişletilmiş 6. Baskı. [Marketing Studies. Extended 6th Edition]. Istanbul University Faculty of Business Public.; 1998. (In Turkish).
Karasar N. Araştırmalarda Rapor Hazırlama. [Reporting in Research] Ankara: Nobel publishing. 2014. (In Turkish).
Raedeke TD, Smith AL. Development and Preliminary Validation of an Athlete Burnout Measure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2001;23(4): 281–306. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.23.4.281
Kelecek S, Kara FM, Kazak Çeti̇Nkalp FZ, Aşçi FH. “Sporcu Tükenmişlik Ölçeği”nin Türkçe Uyarlaması [The Turkish Adaptation of “Athlete Burnout Questionnaire]. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017;27(4): 150–161. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.311371
Thienot E, Jackson B, Dimmock J, Grove JR, Bernier M, Fournier JF. Development and preliminary validation of the mindfulness inventory for sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2014;15(1): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.10.003
Tingaz EO. Sporcu Bilinçli Farkındalık (Mindfulness) Ölçeği: Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. [Adaptation Of The Mindfulness Inventory For Sport Into Turkish: A Validity And Reliability Study]. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 2020; 18(1); 71–80. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.642682 (In Turkish).
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: pearson; 2007.
Cohen,J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988.
Yarnell LM, Stafford RE, Neff KD, Reilly ED, Knox MC, Mullarkey M. Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in Self-Compassion. Self and Identity, 2015;14(5): 499–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966
Ferguson LJ, Kowalski KC, Mack DE, Sabiston CM. Self-compassion and Eudaimonic Well-Being During Emotionally Difficult Times in Sport. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2015;16(5): 1263–1280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9558-8
Amemiya R, Sakairi Y. The role of self-compassion in athlete mindfulness and burnout: Examination of the effects of gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 2020;166: 110167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110167
Tingaz EO, Ekiz MA, Çakmak S. Examination of mindfulness and impulsiveness in university student-athletes in terms of sports injury development history. Current Psychology, 2022;41(8): 5134–5142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01024-4
Ahi Evran University, Turkey, Atasoy M. Investigation of Mindfulness Levels of Individuals Playing Team and Combat Sports. Education Quarterly Reviews, 2022;5(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.05.02.513
Sanada K, Montero-Marin J, Alda Díez M, Salas-Valero M, Pérez-Yus MC, Morillo H, et al. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Salivary Cortisol in Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analytical Review. Frontiers in Physiology, 2016;7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00471
Scott-Hamilton J, Schutte NS, Brown RF. Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention on Sports-Anxiety, Pessimism, and Flow in Competitive Cyclists. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 2016;8(1): 85–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12063
Solberg EE. Stress reactivity to and recovery from a standardised exercise bout: a study of 31 runners practising relaxation techniques. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2000;34(4): 268–272. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.4.268
Goodman FR, Kashdan TB, Mallard TT, Schumann M. A brief mindfulness and yoga intervention with an entire NCAA Division I athletic team: An initial investigation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 2014;1(4): 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000022
Chuang HY, Wang FJ, Chi LK. Mechanisms of mindfulness for professional golfers: the mediating role of basic psychological needs. Current Psychology, 2023;42(7): 5462–5469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01877-3
Amemiya R, Sakairi Y. The role of mindfulness in performance and mental health among Japanese athletes: An examination of the relationship between alexithymic tendencies, burnout, and performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 2019;14(2). https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.17
Wu CH, Nien JT, Lin CY, Nien YH, Kuan G, Wu TY, et al. Relationship between Mindfulness, Psychological Skills, and Mental Toughness in College Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021;18(13): 6802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136802
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Serkan Necati Metin et al.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright Holder - Author(s). more
Abstract views: 1743 / PDF downloads: 1205


