Outdoor and indoor sports preferences of students in relation to their pro-environmental behaviour
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2022.0206Keywords:
outdoor, indoor, physical activity, pro-environmental, behaviourAbstract
Background and Study Aim. There is strong evidence linking outdoor physical activity with health benefits, but little is known about its impact on pro-environmental behaviour. Therefore, this study seeks to clarify this research problem. Material and Methods. We assessed pro-environmental behaviour in a group of 170 students (aged 21.79 ± 1.23) of the Academy of Physical Education and Sport who declared stronger attachment to one of the two forms of physical activity: outdoor or indoor. The analysis of the strength of pro-environmental attitudes was conducted using the Environmental Health Literacy (EHL) Scale. Results. Despite the lack of spectacular differences between the attitudes of students from the outdoor and indoor physical activity groups, a few dissimilarities related to air quality were noticed. Each of them indicated stronger pro-environmental behaviour of representatives of the outdoor physical activity group. They concerned the following issues: I avoid exercising because of pollution (p <0.05), I avoid opening my window due to poor outdoor air quality (p <0.05), I avoid inhaling car exhaust (p <0.05), I avoid exposing myself and family members to harmful chemicals (p <0.001). Similar results were obtained by dividing into male outdoor / indoor physical activity and female outdoor / indoor physical activity. Gender turned out to be a factor that differentiates pro-environmental behaviour to a much smaller extent. Opinions regarding only one statement indicated in favor of female subjects. Conclusions. Outdoor physical activity seems to be the reason for deeper pro-environmental reflection with respect to aerosanitary conditions, probably due to the awareness of health stress caused by exercising in polluted air.Downloads
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References
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2. Council of Europe. Recommendation No. R (92) 13 REV of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the revised European Sports Charter [Internet]. 1992. [updated 2022 Feb 10; cited 2022 Apr 10]. Available from: https://rm.coe.int/16804c9dbb (accessed on 22 February 2019)
3. Dickson T, Gray T, Mann K. Australian Outdoor Adventure Activity. Benefits Catalogue; University of Canberra: Australia; 2008.
4. Bandura A. Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2006;1:164-180.
5. Wolf-Watz, D. Outdoor Recreation and Environmentalism - Social and Spatial Perspectives. Licantiatuppsats: Karlstad University Studies; 2010.
6. Kaplan R, Kaplan S. The Experience of Nature. Massachusetts: Cambridge University Press; 1989.
7. Cheng JCH, Monroe MC. Connection to nature children’s affective attitude toward nature. Environ. Behav. 2012;44:31–49.
8. Gifford R, Nilsson A. Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. Int. J. Psychol. 2014;49:141–157.
9. Koger SM, Winter DD. The Psychology of Environmental Problems: Psychology for Sustainability. New York, NY, USA: Psychology Press; 2011.
10. Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:3899.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113899
11. Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol. 2012;2(2):1143–1211.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c110025
12. World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Geneva: Switzerland, World Health Organization; 2010.
13. Ojiambo RM, Easton C, Casajús JA, Konstabel K, Reilly JJ, Pitsiladis Y. Effect of Urbanization on Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels, Sedentary Time, and Indices of Adiposity in Kenyan Adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2012;9:115–123.
14. Liu HL, Shen YS. The Impact of Green Space Changes on Air Pollution and Microclimates: A Case Study of the Taipei Metropolitan Area. Sustainability. 2014;6:8827–8855.
15. Thompson Coon J, Boddy K, Stein K, Whear R, Barton J, Depledge M. Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011;45:1761–1772.
16. Fang WT, Ng E, Chang MC. Physical Outdoor Activity versus Indoor Activity: Their Influence on Environmental Behaviors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(7):797.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070797
17. Lichtveld MY, Covert HH, Sherman M, Shankar A, Wickliffe JK, Alcala CS. Advancing Environmental Health Literacy: Validated Scales of General Environmental Health and Environmental Media-Specific Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16:4157.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214157
18. Ceylan M. Analysis on the environmental ethics awareness of outdoor recreation leaders. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Management. 2019;10(1):1–10.
https://doi.org/10.5897/JPESM2019.0326
19. Gençay S, Karaküçük S. Attitudes of the Athletes on Environmental Problems. Gazi University, Congress on Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 2000. P.100–115.
20. Andre EK, Williams N, Schwartz F, Bullard C. Benefits of Campus Outdoor Recreation Programs: A Review of the Literature. J Outdoor Recreat Educ Leadersh. 2017;9:15–25.
https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2017-V9-I1-7491
21. Palmberg E, Kuru J. Outdoor Activities as a Basis for Environmental Responsibility. J. Environ. Educ. 2010;31:32–36.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00958960009598649
22. Rosa P, Carvalhinho L. A educação ambiental e o desporto na natureza: Uma reflexão crítica sobre os novos paradigmas da educação ambiental e o potencial do desporto como metodologia de ensino [Environmental education and sport in nature: A critical reflection on the new paradigms of environmental education and the potential of sport as a teaching methodology]. Revista de Educação Física da UFRGS Movimento. 2012;18:259–280. (In Portuguese).
23. Luthe T, Häusler R, Roth R. Die Durchführung alternativer Schneesportausfahrten und deren Nutzung zur Bildung für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung (BfnE) [The implementation of alternative snow sports trips and their use for education for sustainable development (BfnE)]. Sportunterricht. 2007;56:366–370. (In Deutsch).
24. Eigenschenk B, Thomann A, McClure M, Davies L, Gregory M, Dettweiler U, Inglés E. Benefits of Outdoor Sports for Society. A Systematic Literature Review and Reflections on Evidence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(6):937.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060937
25. Carlisle AJ, Sharp NC. Exercise and outdoor ambient air pollution. Br J Sport Med. 2001;35(4): 214–222.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.4.214
26. Giles LV, Koehle MS. The health effects of exercising in air pollution. Sports Med. 2014;44(2):223–249.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0108-z
27. Li F, Liu Y, Lü J, Liang L, Harmer P. Ambient air pollution in China poses a multifaceted health threat to outdoor physical activity. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015;69(3):201–204.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-203892
28. An R, Kang H, Cao L, Xiang X. Engagement in outdoor physical activity under ambient fine particulate matter pollution: A risk-benefit analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;6:S2095-2546(20)30127–7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.008
29. Zaborniak S, Mytskan B, Mytskan T, Protsyshyn N, Ivanshyn I, Żegleń P. Filozoficzne refleksje nad turystyką [Philosophical reflections on tourism]. Sport i Turystyka, 2018;1(2): 129–145. (In Polish).
https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2018.01.20
30. Keiser D, Lade G, Rudik I. Air pollution and visitation at U.S. national parks. Sci. Adv. 2018;4: eaat1613.
31. Lee KK, Park YK, Han SP, Kim HC. The alerting effect from rising public awareness of air quality on the outdoor activities of megacity residents. Sustainability. 2020;12(3):820.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030820
32. Wen XJ, Balluz L, Mokdad A. Association Between Media Alerts of Air Quality Index and Change of Outdoor Activity Among Adult Asthma in Six States, BRFSS, 2005. J. Community Health. 2009;34:40–46.
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Published
2022-04-30
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Pasek M, Mytskan T. Outdoor and indoor sports preferences of students in relation to their pro-environmental behaviour. Physical Education of Students. 2022;26(2):98-104. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2022.0206
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