Thyroid hormone responses to acute aerobic exercise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0604Keywords:
aerobic exercise, fatigue, thyroid stimulating hormoneAbstract
Background and Study Aim. Thyroid hormone responses to acute maximal aerobic exercise is still unclear, so the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of acute maximal aerobic exercise resulting in fatigue on blood thyroid levels in men and women. Material and Methods. The study included 8 male and 7 female subjects who did not actively exercise. Both group participants were students in the Kastamonu University in the period of study. The heights, weights, resting hearth rates and 5 cc. venous blood samples of subjects were taken before the exercise. The subjects warmed up for ten minutes before they had 20 m shuttle run. The purpose of this test was to tire the subjects to the exhaustion. The heart rate were measured at the end of the test in order to determine the exhaustion levels of the participants. The 5 cc. venous blood samples were taken again just after the exhaustion exercise. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 program (SPSS Inc. Chicago. II. USA). P value was set at p<0.05. Results. When results were compared between both sexes, no significant difference was found among variables (p>0.05). There was significant change in TSH values in all group. They increased following the exercise compared to pre-exercise values. Moreover, total T3 decreased in all group. No other significant difference was found in free T3 and free T4 variables. Conclusions. In conclusion, thyroid responses to exercise emerge in a very complex way, which makes it difficult to reach a clear conclusion about its effects. The reason why the results are so contradictory is that the duration and intensity of the exercise, age, not being able to control the diet, and the timing of collection of blood samples after exercise.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00423117
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https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.0950151
26. Sander M, Rocker L. Influence of marathon running on thyroid hormones. Int. J. Sports Med., 1988;9:123–126.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024992
27. Terjung RL, Tipton CM. Plasma thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels during submaximal exercise in humans. Am. J. Physiol., 1971;220(6):1840–1845.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.220.6.1840
28. Schmid P, Wolf W, Pilger E, Schwaberger G, Pessenhofer H, Pristautz H, et al. TSH, T3, rT3 and fT4 in maximal and submaximal physical exercise. Europ J Appl Physiol, 1982;48:31–9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00421162
29. Semple CG, Thomson JA, Beastall GH. Endocrine responses to marathon running. Br. J. Sports Med., 1985;19(3):148–151.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.19.3.148
30. Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Bernet VJ, Wartofsky L, Constantini N, Hackney AC. Exercise and thyroid function. Endocrinology of physical activity and sport. New York: Springer; 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-314-5_6
31. Opstad K. Circadian rhythm of hormones is extinguished during prolonged physical stress, sleep and energy deficiency in young men. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 1994;131:56–66.
https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310056
2. Akıl M, Kara E, Bicer M, Acat M. Effects of submaximal exercise on thyroid hormone metabolism in sedentary individuals. Nigde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences, 2011;5(1):28–32.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-002-0737-7
3. Hackney AC, Kallman A, Hosick KP, Rubin DA, Battaglini CL. Thyroid hormonal responses to intensive interval versus steady-state endurance exercise sessions. Hormones (Athens), 2012;11(1):54–60.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401537
4. Yen PM, Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiological Reviews, 2001;81(3):1097–1126.
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097
5. Cinar V, Akbulut T, Sarikaya M. Effect of zinc supplement and weight lifting exercise on thyroid hormone levels. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2017;61(3):232–236.
6. Fortunato RS, Ignácio DL, Padron ÁS, Peçanha R, Marassi MP, Rosenthal D, et al. The effect of acute exercise session on thyroid hormone economy in rats. Journal of Endocrinology, 2008;198:347–53.
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0174
7. Warren MP, Constantini NW. Sports Endocrinology. vol. 23. New Jersey: Humana Press; 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1385/1592590160
8. Ratamess NA. ACSM's Foundations of Strength Training and Conditioning. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
9. Premachandra BN, Winder WW, Hickson R, Lang S, Hollozy JO. Circulating reverese triiodothronine in humans during exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 1981;47:281–288.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422473
10. Pakarinen A, Alen M, Häkkinen K, Komi P. Serum thyroid hormones, thyrotropin and thyroxine binding globulin during prolonged strength training. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1988;57(4):394–398.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00417982
11. Simsch C, Lormes W, Petersen KG, Baur S, Liu Y, Hackney AC, et al. Training Intensity Influences Leptin and Thyroid Hormones in Highly Trained Rowers. Int J Sports Med, 2002;23:422–7.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-33738
12. Poole DC, Wilkerson DP, Jones AM. Validity of criteria for establishing maksimal O2 uptake during rump exercise test. European Journal of Appl. Phys., 2007;102(4):403–410.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0596-3
13. Sullo A, Brizzi G, Maffulli N. Deiodinating activity in the Brown adipose tissue of rats following short cold exposure after strenuous exercise. Physiology and Behavior, 2003;80:399–403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.09.005
14. Galbo H. Hormonal and metabolic adaptations to exercise. New York: Thieme-Stratton Inc; 1983.
15. Kilic M, Baltaci AK, Gunay M, Gökbel H, Okudan N, Cicioglu I. The effect of exhaustion exercise on thyroid hormones and testosterone levels of elite athletes receiving oral zinc. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2006;27(1-2):247–252.
16. Bosco C, Tihanyi J, Rivalta L, Parlato G, Tranquilli C, Pulvirenti G, et al. Hormonal Responses in Strenuous Jumping Effort. Jpn. J. Physiol., 1996;46:93–8.
https://doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.46.93
17. Huang W-S, Yu M-D, Lee M-S, Cheng C-Y, Yang S-P, Chin H-ML, et al. Effect of Treadmill Exercise on Circulating Thyroid Hormone Measurements. Med Princ Pract, 2004;13:15–9.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000074045
18. Beyleroglu M. The effects of maximal aerobic exercise on cortisol and thyroid hormones in male field hockey players. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011;5(17):2002–2006.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.229
19. Sowers JR, Raj RP, Hershman JM, Carlson HE, McCallum RW. The effect of stressful diagnostic studies and surgery on anterior pituitary hormone release in man. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh), 1977;86:25–32.
https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.0860025
20. Moore AW, Timmerman S, Brownlee KK, Rubin DA, Hackney AC. Strenuous, fatiguing exercise: relationship of cortisol to circulating thyroid hormones. Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab., 2005;1:18–24. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/emr-176826
21. Hesse V, Vilser C, Scheibe J, Jahreis G, Foley T. Thyroid hormone metabolism under extreme body exercise. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol., 1989;94(1/2):82–88.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1210883
22. Mason JW, Hartley LH, Kotchen TA, et al. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone response in anticipation of muscular exercise in the human. J. Clin. Endo. Metab., 1973;37(3):403–406.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-37-3-403
23. Koz M, Akgül MS, Atici E. The effects of exercise on the hormone secretion and regulation. Turkiye Klinikleri J. Physiother Rehabil-Special Topics, 2016;2(1):48–56.
24. Galbo H, Hummer L, Petersen IB, Christensen NJ, Bie N. Thyroid and testicular hormone responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 1977;36:101–106.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00423117
25. Dessypris A, Wager G, Fyhrquist F, Makinen T, Welin MG, Lamberg BA. Marathon run: effects on blood cortisol-ACTH, iodothyronines- TSH and vasopressin. Acta Endocrinol., 1980;95:151–157.
https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.0950151
26. Sander M, Rocker L. Influence of marathon running on thyroid hormones. Int. J. Sports Med., 1988;9:123–126.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024992
27. Terjung RL, Tipton CM. Plasma thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels during submaximal exercise in humans. Am. J. Physiol., 1971;220(6):1840–1845.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.220.6.1840
28. Schmid P, Wolf W, Pilger E, Schwaberger G, Pessenhofer H, Pristautz H, et al. TSH, T3, rT3 and fT4 in maximal and submaximal physical exercise. Europ J Appl Physiol, 1982;48:31–9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00421162
29. Semple CG, Thomson JA, Beastall GH. Endocrine responses to marathon running. Br. J. Sports Med., 1985;19(3):148–151.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.19.3.148
30. Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Bernet VJ, Wartofsky L, Constantini N, Hackney AC. Exercise and thyroid function. Endocrinology of physical activity and sport. New York: Springer; 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-314-5_6
31. Opstad K. Circadian rhythm of hormones is extinguished during prolonged physical stress, sleep and energy deficiency in young men. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 1994;131:56–66.
https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310056
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Published
2021-12-30
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Akgül M Ş., Baydil B. Thyroid hormone responses to acute aerobic exercise. Physical Education of Students. 2021;25(6):359-63. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0604
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