The acute effect of different massage durations on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance in muay thai athletes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0603Keywords:
combat sports, passive warm up, sit and reachAbstract
Background and Study Aim. Muay thai is a combat sport in which the competitors kick, punch, knee, elbow and growl with their opponents. The strength of the leg muscles can increase the intensity of the kick and its flexibility is a well-known issue for this sport. Determining the most appropriate method for these issues provides important gains to the athletes. One of the methods applied to achieve these gains is acute massage applications. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute effect of different massage times on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance. Materials and Methods. Twelve healthy male muay thai athletes (age, 19.83± 1.46 years; height, 175.33± 7.91 cm; body mass, 65.16 ±13.36 kg) participated in the study, who exercised three times a week. The study consists of a single group. The study consists of 4 different massage duration protocols. These protocols consist of no massage (NM), five minutes massage (5MMSG), ten minutes massage (10MMSG) and fifteen minutes massage (15MMSG). Counter movement jump, squat jump, sitting and lying flexibility were measured after each massage period, respectively. All protocols were continued on consecutive days. Results. There was a significant main effect for flexibility (F = 10,872 ; p = 0.00), countermovement jump (F = 4.719 p=.008) and squat jump (F = 6.262 p=.002) performance. The best flexibility, countermovement jump and squat jump performance detected immediately after 5MMSG was respectively 35,16 ± 6,33; 37,17 ± 4,18 and next, 36,05 ± 4,68. Conclusion. As a result, it is recommended that different massage durations are effective in improving physical performance, and 5MMSG before competition is recommended for athletes and coaches to get more performance.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31817f19cd
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https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.169
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25. Capobianco RA, Almuklass AM, Enoka RM. Manipulation of sensory input can improve stretching outcomes. European Journal of Sport Science, 2018; 18(1): 83–91.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1394370
26. Hemmings B, Smith M, Graydon J, Dyson R. Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery and repeated sports performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2000; 34 (2):109–114.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.109
27. Lemmink KA, Kemper HC, Greef MH, Rispens P, Stevens M. The validity of the sit-and-reach test and the modified sit-and-reach test in middle-aged to older men and women. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2003; 74(3): 331–336.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609099
28. Callaghan MJ. The role of massage in the management of the athlete: a review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1993; 27 (1):28–33.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.27.1.28
29. Sullivan KM, Silvey DB, Button DC, Behm DG. Roller-massager application to the hamstrings increases sit-and-reach range of motion within five to ten seconds without performance impairments. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2013;8:228–236.
30. Weerapong P, Hume PA, Kolt GS. The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Medicine, 2005; 35(3): 235–256.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535030-00004
31. Açak M, Öncü EH. Step by Step Massage Instruction. Malatya: Size Chart; 2006.
32. Jelvéus A. Integrated Sports Massage Therapy A Comprehensive Handbook. Elsevier Ltd.; 2011.
33. Gürkan A. Sports Massage. Iğdır University Journal of Sport Sciences, 2018; 1(1):24–8.
34. de Oliveira FR, Gonçalves LCV, Borghi F, da Silva LGRV, Gomes AE, Trevisan G, de Souza AL, Grassi-Kassisse DM, de Oliveira Crege DRX. Massage therapy in cortisol circadian rhythm, pain intensity, perceived stress index and quality of life of fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2018; 30: 85–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.12.006
35. Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001; 37: 153–156.
36. Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, Mustala O. The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 1957; 35: 307–315.
37. Kokkonen J, Nelson AG, Cornwell A. Acute muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1998; 69(4):411–5.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1998.10607716
38. Nelson AG, Kokkonen J. Acute ballistic muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2001; 72(4):415–9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2001.10608978
39. Sykaras E, Mylonas A, Malliaropoulos N, Zakas A, Papacostas E. Manual massage effect in knee extensors peak torque during short-term intense continuous concentric–eccentric isokinetic exercise in female elite athletes. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2003; 11(3):153–157.
https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2003-0142
40. Brooks CP, Woodruff LD, Wright LL, Donatell R. The immediate effects of manual massage on power-grip performance after maximal exercise in healthy adults. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine: Research on Paradigm, Practice, and Policy, 2005;11:1093–101.
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2005.11.1093
41. Farr T, Nottle C, Nosaka K, Sacco P. The effects of therapeutic massage on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle function following downhill walking. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2002;5:297–306.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80018-4
42. Kargarfard M, Lam ETC, Shariat A, Shaw I, Shaw BS, Tamrin SBM. Efficacy of massage on muscle soreness, perceived recovery, physiological restoration and physical performance in male bodybuilders. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016;34:1–7.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1081264
43. Huang SY, Di Santo M, Wadden KP, Cappa DF, Alkanani T, Behm DG. Short-Duration massage at the hamstrings musculotendinous junction induces greater range of motion. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2010;24:1917–24.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06e0c
44. Arabaci R. Acute effects of pre-event lower limb massage on explosive and high speed motor capacities and flexibility. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2008; 7(4): 549.
45. Hemmings B, Smith M, Graydon J, Dyson R. Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery, and repeated sports performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2000;34:109–14.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.109
46. Dawson LG, Dawson KA, Tiidus PM. Evaluating the influence of massage on leg strength, swelling, and pain following a half- marathon. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2004;3:37–43.
47. Dawson KA, Dawson L, Thomas A, Tiidus PM. Effectiveness of regular proactive massage therapy for novice recreational runners. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2011;12:182–7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.02.007
48. Zainuddin Z, Newton M, Sacco P, Nosaka K. Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling, and recovery of muscle function. Journal of Athletic Training, 2005;40:174.
49. Jönhagen S, Ackermann P, Eriksson T, Saartok T, Renström PA. Sports massage after eccentric exercise. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004; 32(6):1499–1503.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503262196
50. Delextrat A, Calleja-González J, Hippocrate A, Clarke ND. Effects of sports massage and intermittent cold-water immersion on recovery from matches by basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2013; 31(1):11–19.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.719241
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318230ff5d
2. Vail P. Muay Thai: Inventing tradition for a national symbol. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 2014; 29(3): 509–553.
https://doi.org/10.1355/sj29-3a
3. Platonov VN. The system of training athletes in the Olympic sport. General theory and its practical application. Kiev: Olympic Literature; 2004.
4. Bobbert MF, Gerritsen KGM, Litjens MCA, Van Soest AJ. Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1996; 28: 1402–1412.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199611000-00009
5. Bobbert MF, Casius LJ. Is the countermovement on jump height due to active state development? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2005; 37: 440–446.
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000155389.34538.97
6. Buse GJ, Santana JC. Conditioning strategies for competitive kickboxing. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 2008; 30 (4): 42–48.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31817f19cd
7. Guidetti L, Musulin A, Baldari C. Physiological factors in middleweight boxing performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2002; 42(3):309–314.
8. Turner AN. Strength and conditioning for Muay Thai athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 2009; 31(6), 78–92.
https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181b99603
9. Schmidtbleicher D. Training for power events. In: Komi PV., ed. Strength and Power in Sport. London, England: Blackwell Scientific; 1992. P.381–395.
10. Newton RU, Kraemer WJ. Developing explosive muscular power: Implications for a mixed methods training strategy. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 1994; 16: 20–31.
https://doi.org/10.1519/1073-6840(1994)016<0020:DEMPIF>2.3.CO;2
11. Zatsiorsky VM, Kraemer WJ. Science and Practice of Strength Training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2006.
12. Sale DG. Neural adaptation to strength training. In: Komi PV, ed. Strength and Power in Sport (2nd ed.). London, England: Blackwell Scientific; 2993. P.249–265.
13. Hakkinen K, Komi PV, Tesch PA. Effect of combined concentric and eccentric strength training and detraining on force-time, muscle fiber and metabolic characteristics of leg extensor muscles. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 1981; 3: 50–58.
14. Hakkinen K, Komi P, Alen M. Effect of explosive type strength training on isometric force- and relaxation-time, electromyographic and muscle fiber characteristics of leg extensor muscles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 1985; 125: 587–600.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07759.x
15. Behm DG, Sale DG. Velocity specificity of resistance training. Sports Medicine, 1993; 15: 374–388.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199315060-00003
16. Haff GG, Stone MH, O'Bryant HS, Harman E, Dinan C, Johnson R, Han KH. Force-time dependent characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1997; 11: 269–272.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199711000-00014
17. Faigenbaum AD, Bellucci M, Bernieri A, Bakker B, Hoorens K. Acute Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Fitness Performance in Children. J Strength Cond Res, 2005;19:376.
https://doi.org/10.1519/R-15344.1
18. Bishop D. Warm Up I: Potential Mechanisms and the Effects of Passive Warm Up on Exercise Performance. Sports Medicine, 2003;33:439–54.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333060-00005
19. Bishop D. Warm Up II: Performance Changes Following Active Warm Up and How to Structure the Warm Up. Sports Medicine, 2003;33:483–98.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333070-00002
20. Tessier DG. Sports Massage: An Overview. Athletic Therapy Today, 2005; 10(5): 67–69.
https://doi.org/10.1123/att.10.5.67
21. Sullivan SJ, Williams LR, Seaborne DE, Morelli M. Effects of massage on alpha motoneuron excitability. Physical Therapy, 1991; 71(8): 555–560.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/71.8.555
22. Kuruma H, Takei H, Nitta O. Effects of myofascial release and stretching technique on range of motion and reaction time. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2013; 25:169–171.
https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.169
23. Zhong H, Wang C, Wan Z, Lei J. The possible mechanisms of massage therapy. Biomedical Research-tokyo. 2019;30:1–6.
24. Cheatham SW, Kolber MJ, Cain M, Lee M. The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery, and performance: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2015; 10(6), 827–838.
25. Capobianco RA, Almuklass AM, Enoka RM. Manipulation of sensory input can improve stretching outcomes. European Journal of Sport Science, 2018; 18(1): 83–91.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1394370
26. Hemmings B, Smith M, Graydon J, Dyson R. Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery and repeated sports performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2000; 34 (2):109–114.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.109
27. Lemmink KA, Kemper HC, Greef MH, Rispens P, Stevens M. The validity of the sit-and-reach test and the modified sit-and-reach test in middle-aged to older men and women. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2003; 74(3): 331–336.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609099
28. Callaghan MJ. The role of massage in the management of the athlete: a review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1993; 27 (1):28–33.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.27.1.28
29. Sullivan KM, Silvey DB, Button DC, Behm DG. Roller-massager application to the hamstrings increases sit-and-reach range of motion within five to ten seconds without performance impairments. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2013;8:228–236.
30. Weerapong P, Hume PA, Kolt GS. The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Medicine, 2005; 35(3): 235–256.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535030-00004
31. Açak M, Öncü EH. Step by Step Massage Instruction. Malatya: Size Chart; 2006.
32. Jelvéus A. Integrated Sports Massage Therapy A Comprehensive Handbook. Elsevier Ltd.; 2011.
33. Gürkan A. Sports Massage. Iğdır University Journal of Sport Sciences, 2018; 1(1):24–8.
34. de Oliveira FR, Gonçalves LCV, Borghi F, da Silva LGRV, Gomes AE, Trevisan G, de Souza AL, Grassi-Kassisse DM, de Oliveira Crege DRX. Massage therapy in cortisol circadian rhythm, pain intensity, perceived stress index and quality of life of fibromyalgia syndrome patients. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2018; 30: 85–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.12.006
35. Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001; 37: 153–156.
36. Karvonen MJ, Kentala E, Mustala O. The effects of training on heart rate: a longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 1957; 35: 307–315.
37. Kokkonen J, Nelson AG, Cornwell A. Acute muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1998; 69(4):411–5.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1998.10607716
38. Nelson AG, Kokkonen J. Acute ballistic muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2001; 72(4):415–9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2001.10608978
39. Sykaras E, Mylonas A, Malliaropoulos N, Zakas A, Papacostas E. Manual massage effect in knee extensors peak torque during short-term intense continuous concentric–eccentric isokinetic exercise in female elite athletes. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 2003; 11(3):153–157.
https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2003-0142
40. Brooks CP, Woodruff LD, Wright LL, Donatell R. The immediate effects of manual massage on power-grip performance after maximal exercise in healthy adults. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine: Research on Paradigm, Practice, and Policy, 2005;11:1093–101.
https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2005.11.1093
41. Farr T, Nottle C, Nosaka K, Sacco P. The effects of therapeutic massage on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle function following downhill walking. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2002;5:297–306.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80018-4
42. Kargarfard M, Lam ETC, Shariat A, Shaw I, Shaw BS, Tamrin SBM. Efficacy of massage on muscle soreness, perceived recovery, physiological restoration and physical performance in male bodybuilders. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016;34:1–7.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1081264
43. Huang SY, Di Santo M, Wadden KP, Cappa DF, Alkanani T, Behm DG. Short-Duration massage at the hamstrings musculotendinous junction induces greater range of motion. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2010;24:1917–24.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e06e0c
44. Arabaci R. Acute effects of pre-event lower limb massage on explosive and high speed motor capacities and flexibility. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2008; 7(4): 549.
45. Hemmings B, Smith M, Graydon J, Dyson R. Effects of massage on physiological restoration, perceived recovery, and repeated sports performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2000;34:109–14.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.109
46. Dawson LG, Dawson KA, Tiidus PM. Evaluating the influence of massage on leg strength, swelling, and pain following a half- marathon. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2004;3:37–43.
47. Dawson KA, Dawson L, Thomas A, Tiidus PM. Effectiveness of regular proactive massage therapy for novice recreational runners. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2011;12:182–7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.02.007
48. Zainuddin Z, Newton M, Sacco P, Nosaka K. Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling, and recovery of muscle function. Journal of Athletic Training, 2005;40:174.
49. Jönhagen S, Ackermann P, Eriksson T, Saartok T, Renström PA. Sports massage after eccentric exercise. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004; 32(6):1499–1503.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503262196
50. Delextrat A, Calleja-González J, Hippocrate A, Clarke ND. Effects of sports massage and intermittent cold-water immersion on recovery from matches by basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2013; 31(1):11–19.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.719241
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Published
2021-12-30
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Bayer R, Eken Özgür. The acute effect of different massage durations on squat jump, countermovement jump and flexibility performance in muay thai athletes. Physical Education of Students. 2021;25(6):353-8. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0603
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