Examination of the perceptions of self-sufficiency and burnout levels of students of the sports science faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0104Keywords:
COVID-19, sports sciences, general perception of self-sufficiency, burnout level, studentAbstract
Background and Study Aim. To determine the perception of self-sufficiency and burnout levels of students studying in the faculty of sports sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was performed in the Sports Science Faculty of İnönü University of Turkey which forms the universe of the study. In addition, "Perception of General self-sufficiency" and "Burnout Level Scale" were used in the study. T-test and One-Way ANOVA tests were used to perform the differential analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between variables. In addition, regression analysis was performed by creating dummy variables in order to predict the dimensions. Results. The students’ general self-sufficiency perception scores were found to be above average and their burnout levels were found to be below average. It was observed that the general self-sufficiency perception scores differed in terms of the class variable, and the burnout level scores differed in terms of class, family income level and studied department variables. In the correlation analysis that was carried out, it was understood that there was a mutually inverse and significant correlation between the dimensions of the scale. With the regression analysis, it was determined that the first-grade level scores were an independent significant predictor for both self-sufficiency and burnout scores, and the lowest income level scores were only an independent predictor for burnout level scores. Conclusions. It can be said that students at the faculty of sports sciences are not overly affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic and the results are as desired. It can be suggested that the perception of self-sufficiency and burnout scores to be correlated and predicted with different variables.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v9-i1/7128
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https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i2.10294
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
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6. Bayram N, Bilgel N. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43(8):667–72.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x
7. Karalis T, Raikou N. Teaching at the times of COVID-19: Inferences and Implications for Higher Education Pedagogy. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2020;10(5):479–493.
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7219
8. Samantha Kelly B, Rebecca D, Richard A, Gideon James R, Neil G. A systematic, thematic review of social and occupational factors associated with psychological outcomes in healthcare employees during an infectious disease outbreak. J Occup Environ Med. 2018;60(3):248–257.
https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001235
9. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 2020;395:912–20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
10. Branko S. The syndrome of burnout, self-image, and anxiety with grammar school students. Horizons Psychol. 2001;10(2):21–32.
11. Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced bumout. J Occup Behav. 1981;2:99–113.
12. Schaufeli WB, Martinez I, Marques-Pinto A, Salanova M, Bakker AB, Marque´s-Pinto A, et al. Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. J Cross Cult Psychol. 2002;33:464–481.
13. Schaufeli WB, Taris TW. The conceptualization and measurement of burnout: common ground and worlds apart. Work Stress. 2005;19(3):256 62.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500385913
14. Meier SF, Schmeck RR. The burned-out college student: a descriptive profile. J Coll Student Pers. 1985;1:63–9.
15. Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Am Psychol. 1982;37(2):122–147.
16. Bandura A. Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. Dev Psychol. 1989;25(5):729–735.
17. Betz N, Schifano RS. Evaluation of an intervention to increase realistic self-efficacy and interests in college women. J Vocat Behav. 2000;56:35–52.
https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1690
18. Fletcher KMM. Evaluating an intervention to build online learning self-efficacy [Doctoral Thesis]. Walden University; 2005.
19. Freedman A. Effects of a multicomponent group intervention on the self-efficacy and academic achievement of at-risk undergraduates [Doctoral Thesis]. The University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1996.
20. Wei Y. The measurement and intervention of college students’ learning self-efficacy. Psychol Sci. 2004;27(4):905–908.
21. YÖK. Basın açıklaması [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/universitelerde-uygulanacak-uzaktanegitime-iliskin-aciklama.aspx
22. Eroğlu O, Yıldırım Y, Şahan H. Examination of the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic motivation levels of students in sports sciences faculty: Akdeniz University example. The Journal of Turkish Sport Science. 2017;1(1):38–47.
23. Şahan H, Uğurlu A, Gülşen B, Varol İ. Determination of self-efficacy beliefs of students studying at Akdeniz University sports sciences faculty. Mediterranean Journal of Sports Science. 2018;1(2):67–73.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-6285
24. Ünlü H, Erbaş MK. Academic self-efficacy and professional concerns of physical education teacher candidates. Turkey Journal of Sports Science. 2018;2(1):15–25.
25. Küçük Kılıç S, Ci̇han H, Öncü E. The metacognitive learning strategies, academic self-efficacy and attitudes of physical education teacher candidates towards the teaching profession. Sports Science Journal. 2016;26(3):77–89.
https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.237580
26. Türkekul K, Sarıkabak M. Examining the relationship between the emotional intelligence levels and academic self-efficacy of physical education and sports teacher candidates. International Journal of Current Educational Research. 2019;5(1):52–69.
27. Eroğlu O, Yıldırım Y. Determination of academic self-efficacy levels of physical education and sports teacher candidates. Turkey Journal of Sports Science. 2018;2(2):67–73.
https://https://doi.org/10.32706/tusbid.419468
28. Salanova M, Peiró JM, Schaufeli WB. Self-efficacy specificity and burnout among information technology workers: An extension of the job demand-control model. Eur J Work Organ Psychol. 2002;11(1):1–25.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000735
29. Tang CSK, Au WT, Schwarzer R, Schmitz G. Mental health outcomes of job stress among Chinese teachers: Role of stress resource factors and burnout. . J Organ Behav Int J Ind Occup Organ Psychol Behav. 2001;22(8):887–901.
https://doi.org/10.1002/job.120
30. Yang HJ, Farn CK. An investigation the factors affecting MIS student burnout in technical-vocational college. Comput Human Behav. 2005;21(6):917–32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.001
31. Gürbüz S, Şahin F. Research methods in social sciences. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing; 2016.
32. İnönü University. History of sports science faculty [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.inonu.edu.tr/tr/sporbilimleri/1609/menu?m=5038
33. Bartlett JE, Kotrlik JW, Higgins C. Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size for survey research. Inf Technol Learn Perform. 2001;19:43–50.
34. Johnson B, Christensen L. Educational research: quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. Demir S, editor. Ankara: Educational Book; 2014.
35. Sherer M, Maddux JE, Mercandante B, Prentice-Dunn S, Jacobs B, Rogers RW. The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychol Rep. 1982;51(2):663–71.
https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
36. Chen G, Gully SM, Eden D. Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale. Organ Res Methods [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2019 Apr 11;4(1):62–83. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/109442810141004
37. Karakoç FY, Dönmez L. Basic principles in scale development studies. Medical Education World, 2014;13(40): 39-49.
https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.228738
38. Yıldırım F, İlhan İÖ. Validity and reliability study of the Turkish form of the general self-efficacy scale. Turkish Journal of Psychiatrist [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2019 May 10];21[4]:301–8. Available from: http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/pdf/c21s4/301-308.pdf
39. Arslan A. Examining the social anxiety and general self-efficacy perceptions of health services vocational school students in terms of various variables. Int e-Journal Educ Stud. 2019;3(6):78–96.
https://https://doi.org/ 10.31458/iejes.524860
40. Özgözgü S, Bektaş M, Arıkan F, Şimşek H. General self-efficacy beliefs and organizational identification perception of school counselors. Elem Educ Online. 2017;16(3).
41. Yurdakul A, Bostancı AB. The relationship between teachers 'views of schools' organizational narcissism and their self-efficacy perceptions. Kırıkkale University Journal of Sos Science. 2016;6(1):109–26.
42. Schaufeli WB, Salanova M, Gonzalez-Roma V, Bakker A. The measurement of burnout and engagement: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. J Happiness Stud. 2002;3:71–92.
43. Schaufeli WB, Martinez I, Marques-Pinto A, Salanova M, Bakker A. Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-cultural Studies. 2002;33:464–81.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
44. Çapri B, Gündüz B, Gökçakan Z. Adaptation of the Maslach burnout inventory-student form into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. Çukurova University Journal of Education Faculty. 2011;40(1):134–47.
45. Tuna HM, Olgun N. The role of perceived social support in the state of burnout seen in the relatives of patients caring for stroke patients. Hacettepe University Journal of Nursing Faculty. 2010;17(1):41–52.
46. Aydın D, Akay B, Baydemir S. Burnout in nursing students and influencing factors. Journal of Düzce University Health Science Institute. 2017;1(1):19–23.
47. Büyüköztürk Ş. Scientific research methods. 4th ed. Ankara: Pegem Academy; 2009.
48. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson; 2013.
49. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale: NJ Lawrence Earlbaum Associates; 1988.
50. Stevens J. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1992.
51. Bolat OI. Self-efficacy and burnout relationship: mediating effect of leader-member interaction. Ege Akad Overview. 2011;11(2):255–66.
52. Karahan Ş, Balat GU. Investigation of self-efficacy perceptions and burnout levels of educators working in special education schools. Pamukkale University Journal of Education. 2011;29(29):1–14.
53. Luszczynska A, Scholz U, Schwarzer R. The general selfefficacy scale: multicultural validation studies. J Psychol. 2005;139(5):439–57.
https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.139.5.439-457
54. Chen G, Goddard T, Casper WJ. Relating general and work-specific selfevaluations and work-related control beliefs to an expanded job attitudes criterion. Appl Psychol An Int Rev. 2004;53(3):349–70.
55. Capri B, Ozkendir OM, Ozkurt B, Karakus F. General self-efficacy beliefs, life satisfaction and burnout of university students. Procedia-Social Behav Sci. 2012;47:968–73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.765
56. Charkhabi M, Abarghuei MA, Hayati D. The association of academic burnout with self-efficacy and quality of learning experience among Iranian students. Springerplus. 2013;2(1):677.
https://https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-677
57. Böke H, Doğan A, Kartal M. Researching the self-efficacy levels of individuals attending youth centers. J Glob Sport Educ Res. 2019;2(1):45–56.
58. Cherniss C. Role of professional self-efficacy in the etiology and amelioration of burnout. In: Shaufeli W, Maslach C, Marek T, editors. Professional burnout: recent development in theory and research. Washington DC: Taylor and Francis; 1993. p. 49–135.
59. Hallsten L. Burning out: a framework. In: Schaufel i W, Maslach C, Marek T, editors. Professional burnout Recent developments in theory and research. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis; 1993.
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2021-02-26
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Tüfekçi Şakir, Böke H. Examination of the perceptions of self-sufficiency and burnout levels of students of the sports science faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical Education of Students. 2021;25(1):28-35. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0104
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