The effect of 8-weeks wrestling training on unilateral muscle imbalances
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0401Keywords:
wrestling, strength imbalances, knee isokinetic strengthAbstract
Background and Study Aim. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8-weeks of wrestling training on unilateral muscle imbalances. Material and Methods. Eight male elite Greco-Roman wrestlers (wrestling group) (age 21.25±2.7 years, height 176.6±6.8 cm, body weight 81.00±9.3 kg) and seven recreationally active male (control group) (age 21.3±3.2 years, height 173.6±4.7 cm, body weight 67.3±5.3 kg) voluntarily participated in the study. Both group participants were students in the Selcuk university in the period of study. Wrestlers were in the off-season before the training period of 10 weeks. Before and after the 8-weeks training period, wrestling and control groups were tested for isokinetic torque measurement. In the training period, the wrestling group carried out only wrestling training without specific strength training. In this period the control group did not involve in any exercise. Results. In the wrestling group, all quadriceps torque parameters significantly increased for both legs but the torque parameters of the hamstring did not change, except the average torque of the left leg. The peak and average torque of the H/Q (Hamstring/quadriceps) significantly decreased after training periods for right leg in the wrestling group. No parameters significantly changed in the control group. Conclusions. Specific hamstring strength exercises can be put in training programs to avoid from a possible knee injury.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258928
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https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400611
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https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.F.01352
27. Lloyd DG, Buchanan TS. Strategies of muscular support of varus and valgus isometric loads at the human knee. Journal of biomechanics. 2001;34(10):1257–67.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00095-1
28. Cerabona F, Sherman MF, Bonamo JR, Sklar J. Patterns of meniscal injury with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1988;16(6):603–9.
https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658801600609
29. Brooks JH, Fuller CW, Kemp SP, Reddin DB. Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006;34(8):1297–306.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505286022
30. Ford KR, Van den Bogert J, Myer GD, Shapiro R, Hewett TE. The effects of age and skill level on knee musculature co-contraction during functional activities: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 42(7):561–6.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.044883
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199214020-00004
2. Daneshjoo A, Rahnama N, Mokhtar AH, Yusof A. Bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of isokinetic strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2013; 36(1): 45–53.
https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0005
3. Impellizzeri FM, Bizzini M, Rampinini E, Cereda F, Maffiuletti NA. Reliability of isokinetic strength imbalance ratios measured using the Cybex NORM dynamometer. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. 2008;28(2):113–9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2007.00786.x
4. Gioftsidou A, Ispirlidis I, Pafis G, Malliou P, Bikos C, Godolias G. Isokinetic strength training program for muscular imbalances in professional soccer players. Sport Sciences for Health. 2008;2(3): 101.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-008-0047-5
5. Cheung R, Smith A, Wong D. H: Q ratios and bilateral leg strength in college field and court sports players. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2012; 1;33:63–71.
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0045-1
6. Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Vagenas G. Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2010;9(3):364.
7. Kellis S, Gerodimos V, Kellis E, Manou V. Bilateral isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength profiles of the knee extensors and flexors in young soccer players. Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2001;9(1):31–9.
https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2001-0061
8. Kang SH, Kim CW, Kim YI, Kim KB, Lee SS, ok Shin K. Alterations of muscular strength and left and right limb balance in weightlifters after an 8-week balance training program. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013;25(7):895–900.
https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.895
9. Brown LE. Isokinetics in human performance. Human Kinetics; 2000.
10. Rossi MD, Brown LE, Whitehurst M, Charni C, Hankins J, Taylor CL. Comparison of knee extensor strength between limbs in individuals with bilateral total knee replacement. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2002;83(4):523–6.
https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.30935
11. Yard EE, Collins CL, Dick RW, Comstock RD. An epidemiologic comparison of high school and college wrestling injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008;36(1):57–64.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507307507
12. Jarrett GJ, Orwin JF, Dick RW. Injuries in collegiate wrestling. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1998;26(5):674–80.
https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260051301
13. Pasque CB, Hewett TE. A prospective study of high school wrestling injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2000;(4):509–15.
https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465000280041101
14. Myklebust G, Bahr R. Return to play guidelines after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005;39(3):127–31.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.010900
15. Van Mechelen W, Hlobil H, Kemper HC. Incidence, severity, aetiology and prevention of sports injuries. Sports Medicine. 1992;14(2):82–99.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199214020-00002
16. Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005;39(6):324–9.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.018341
17. Kirkendall DT, Garrett WE. The anterior cruciate ligament enigma: injury mechanisms and prevention. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2000;372:64–8.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200003000-00008
18. Coombs R, Garbutt G. Developments in the use of the hamstring/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2002;1(3):56.
19. Holcomb WR, Rubley MD, Lee HJ, Guadagnoli MA. Effect of hamstring-emphasized resistance training on hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007;21(1): 41.
https://doi.org/10.1519/R-18795.1
20. McLean SG, Huang X, Su A, Van Den Bogert AJ. Sagittal plane biomechanics cannot injure the ACL during sidestep cutting. Clinical biomechanics. 2004;19(8):828–38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.06.006
21. Yu B, Garrett WE. Mechanisms of non-contact ACL injuries. British journal of sports medicine. 2007; 41(suppl 1):47–51.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.037192
22. Kobayashi H, Kanamura T, Koshida S, Miyashita K, Okado T, Shimizu T, Yokoe K. Mechanisms of the anterior cruciate ligament injury in sports activities: a twenty-year clinical research of 1, 700 athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2010;9(4):669.
23. DeMorat G, Weinhold P, Blackburn T, Chudik S, Garrett W. Aggressive quadriceps loading can induce noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. The American journal of sports medicine. 2004;32(2):477–83.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258928
24. Hewett TE, Stroupe AL, Nance TA, Noyes FR. Plyometric training in female athletes: decreased impact forces and increased hamstring torques. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996;24(6):765–73.
https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400611
25. Meeuwisse WH. Assessing causation in sport injury: a multifactorial model. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 1994;3:166–170.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199407000-00004
26. Withrow TJ, Huston LJ, Wojtys EM, Ashton-Miller JA. Effect of varying hamstring tension on anterior cruciate ligament strain during in vitro impulsive knee flexion and compression loading. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2008;90(4): 815.
https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.F.01352
27. Lloyd DG, Buchanan TS. Strategies of muscular support of varus and valgus isometric loads at the human knee. Journal of biomechanics. 2001;34(10):1257–67.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00095-1
28. Cerabona F, Sherman MF, Bonamo JR, Sklar J. Patterns of meniscal injury with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1988;16(6):603–9.
https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658801600609
29. Brooks JH, Fuller CW, Kemp SP, Reddin DB. Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2006;34(8):1297–306.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505286022
30. Ford KR, Van den Bogert J, Myer GD, Shapiro R, Hewett TE. The effects of age and skill level on knee musculature co-contraction during functional activities: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 42(7):561–6.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.044883
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Published
2021-08-30
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Tatlici A, Lima Y, Çiftçi B, Aktas S, Badak T. The effect of 8-weeks wrestling training on unilateral muscle imbalances. Physical Education of Students. 2021;25(4):205-11. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0401
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