Can eight weeks of judo and taekwondo physical education improve the health-related fitness of male university students?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0206Keywords:
Taekwondo, Judo, health-related fitness, physical education, universityAbstract
Background and Study Aim: This study aimed to determine if Judo and Taekwondo in a physical education (PE) setting could improve the fitness of university students. Material and Methods: Students who registered voluntarily for the courses were considered for the study (n=27, 18-22 years for Judo; n=39, 18-22 years for Taekwondo). The control group (n=32, 20-24 years) was composed of students who were not part of a physical education course. None of the participants were college athletes nor PE students. The duration of the courses was eight weeks, twice a week with 50 minutes per session. Both courses included training for muscular fitness, flexibility, explosive strength, and cardiovascular fitness. The courses also included sparring matches and sport-specific training. The following health-related fitness parameters were measured before and after eight weeks: cardiovascular fitness using the Cooper Test, muscular endurance using 60 seconds curl-up test, trunk flexibility using the sit-and-reach test, and explosive leg strength using the standing long jump test. Parametric tests were applied to detect any effect of the courses on the students. Differences with p ≤ 0.05 and Vargha-Delaney Common language effect size (VD) ≤ 42% or ≥ 58% were considered as evidence for any improvements in the fitness parameters. Results: Most of the tested parameters, apart from body composition, improved in both martial arts groups while those of the control group dropped. These changes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05 and VD ≤ 42% or ≥ 58%). The regular curl-ups and sitting stretch done during the eight weeks improved the muscular endurance and trunk flexibility of the Judo group, respectively. Moreover, continuous practice of the rolling/falling technique may have contributed to the improvement in flexibility of the Judo students. Conclusions: There is evidence that eight weeks of Judo and Taekwondo in a PE context improves the health-related fitness of male university students.References
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https://doi.org/10.1080/07448489709595591
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https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2003.0091
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-5391.2010.01107.x
2. Fong SSM, Ng GYF. Does Taekwondo training improve physical fitness? Phys Ther Sport. 20111;12(2):100–6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.07.001
3. Kim H-B, Stebbins CL, Chai J-H, Song J-K. Taekwondo training and fitness in female adolescents. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(2):133–8.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.525519
4. World Health Organization. WHO. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity. World Health Organization. [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/physical_activity_text/en/
5. Minatto G, Petroski EL, Silva DAS. Health-related physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents from a small town of German colonization. Rev Andal Med Deporte. 2016;9(2):67–74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2014.09.003
6. Sun C, Pezic A, Tikellis G, Ponsonby A-L, Wake M, Carlin JB, et al. Effects of school-based interventions for direct delivery of physical activity on fitness and cardiometabolic markers in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2013;14(10):818–38.
https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12047
7. Winkle JM, Ozmun JC. Martial arts: An exciting addition to the physical education curriculum. J Phys Educ Recreat Dance. 2003;74(4):29–35.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2003.10609199
8. Lakes KD, Bryars T, Sirisinahal S, Salim N, Arastoo S, Emmerson N, et al. The Healthy for Life Taekwondo pilot study: A preliminary evaluation of effects on executive function and BMI, feasibility, and acceptability. Ment Health Phys Act. 2013;6(3):181–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2013.07.002
9. Mohammed MHH, Choi HJ. Effect of an 8-week Judo Course on Muscular Endurance, Trunk Flexibility, and Explosive Strength of Male University Students. Sport Mont. 2017;15(3):51–3.
https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.2017.10.010
10. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessment Manual. Fourth edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
11. Salkind NJ. Gain Scores, Analysis of. In: Encyclopedia of Research Design [Internet]. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc.; 2010. Available from: http://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyc-of-research-design/n162.xml
12. Vargha A, Delaney HD. A Critique and Improvement of the CL Common Language Effect Size Statistics of McGraw and Wong. J Educ Behav Stat. 2000;25(2):101–32.
https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986025002101
13. Lakens D. Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Front Psychol, 2013;4.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
14. Rogmann JJ. Ordinal Dominance Statistics (orddom): An R Project for Statistical Computing package to compute ordinal, nonparametric alternatives to mean comparison (Version 3.1). [Internet]. 2013. Available from: http://cran.r-project.org/
15. Masleša S, Videmšek M, Karpljuk D. Motor abilities, movement skills and their relationship before and after eight weeks of martial arts training in people with intellectual disability. Acta Gymnica. 2012;42(2):15–26.
https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2012.008
16. Franchini E, Del Vecchio FB, Matsushigue KA, Artioli GG. Physiological Profiles of Elite Judo Athletes. Sports Med Auckl. 2011;41(2):147–66.
https://doi.org/10.2165/11538580-000000000-00000
17. Torres-Luque G, Hernández-García R, Escobar-Molina R, Garatachea N, Nikolaidis PT. Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Judo Athletes: An Update. Sports. 2016;4(1): 20.
https://doi.org/10.3390/sports4010020
18. Arzu D, Tuzun EH, Eker L. Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in University Students. J Sports Sci Med. 2006;5(4):615–20.
19. Cardinal BJ, Jacques KM, Levy SS. Evaluation of a university course aimed at promoting exercise behavior. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002;42(1):113–9.
20. DeVoe D, Kennedy C, Ransdell L, Pirson B, DeYoung W, Casey K. Impact of Health, Fitness, and Physical Activity Courses on the Attitudes and Behaviors of College Students. J Gend Cult Health. 1998;3(4):243–55.
21. Sallis JF, Calfas KJ, Nichols JF, Sarkin JA, Johnson MF, Caparosa S, et al. Evaluation of a University Course to Promote Physical Activity: Project GRAD. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999;70(1):1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1999.10607725
22. Silas N. Pearman III MA D, Robert F. Valois PhD M, PhD RGS, PhD RPS, J. Wanzer Drane PE P, PhD CAM. The Impact of a Required College Health and Physical Education Course on the Health Status of Alumni. J Am Coll Health. 1997;46(2):77–85.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07448489709595591
23. Sparling PB. College physical education: an unrecognized agent of change in combating inactivity-related diseases. Perspect Biol Med. 2003;46(4):579–87.
https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2003.0091
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2020-04-30
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Mohammed MH, Choi HJ. Can eight weeks of judo and taekwondo physical education improve the health-related fitness of male university students?. Physical Education of Students. 2020;24(2):109-14. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0206
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