The ways of improvement special physical training of high-qualified women volleyball players in competitive period of annual macrocycle

Purpose: to evaluate the influence of creating the program of training process in the competition period of the annual macro cycles on the level of special physical training of women volleyball players. Material: women volleyball players of high qualification participated in the experiment (n=14, age 20-22 years). An assessment of the level of special physical fitness of volleyball players was conducted. It is used author’s program. Results: features of the functional dependence of the level of general physical preparedness with the separate components of the special physical preparedness of volleyball players are established. The peculiarities of dynamics of indicators of athletes’ special physical training in the competition period are determined. The strongest correlation relationship was the level of general physical fitness with: the level of general and hopping endurance; the level of development of jumping; special dexterity; special endurance; speed and strength of hands. As part of corrective modules, the training load of aerobic-anaerobic direction was increased. The main means of compound character training are: complex-coordinated and technical actions in combination with the accuracy of transmission; response to moving object; locking; attacking strikes. Conclusions: application of the experimental program of training process construction helps to maintain high level of basic indicators of athletes’ special physical fitness during the competitive season. The experimental program involved the redistribution of training loads of aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic orientation within the framework of correcting modules.

maximum realization of individual capabilities is devoted to many studies of specialists in the field of sports [5,17]. The authors established: indicators of body volleyball players' response to standard physical activity [18]; the main causes of injury in volleyball [19].
Today, some authors propose to raise the level of special physical fitness of volleyball players by introducing: combined exercises of anaerobic aerobic orientation [20]; special exercises to enhance exclusively anaerobic abilities of the body [2; 21]; special exercises for the development of speed-strength abilities [22,23]; special exercises on the development of the main components of special physical fitness [24,25]. Particular attention deserves attention to the study of the application of specific training targets of specific direction in separate micro-and mesocycles of the training process [6].
At the same time, the question of finding the most effective means of optimizing the special physical fitness of volleyball players is still very relevant today [26][27][28].
In the opinion of low specialists, the promising direction of the solution of this issue is the development of new programs of training sessions at different periods of the annual training cycle. It takes into account the functional dependence of individual components of special physical fitness of athletes with a general level of physical fitness [6,29,30].
Therefore, the development of training programs can be considered as modern approaches to increase the special physical fitness of athletes. Such approaches are a powerful factor in optimizing the training process of volleyball players.
Hypothesis. It is planned to build a program of training sessions in a competitive period that takes into account 01 39 functional dependencies: between the level of general physical fitness of athletes and the individual components of their special physical preparedness. It is assumed that the introduction into the training process of volleyball players experimental program of training sessions will significantly optimize the training process.
The purpose of the work is to determine the influence of the experimental program of constructing a training process in the competition period of the annual macrocycle on the level of special physical fitness of volleyball players of high qualification.
Organization of research. Testing the level of special fitness training of athletes was conducted at the beginning and end of the competition period of the annual macro cycles of the 2014/15 season (first stage of the experiment) and 2015/2016 (second phase of the experiment).
The results of the first stage of the experiment were used to develop the author's program for constructing the training process of volleyball players VC "Orbita-ZTMK-ZNU" in the competition period of the next competitive season ( Table 1).
The basis of the experimental program consists of the following principles: the compliance of included in the program sports training facilities for age characteristics of volleyball players; continuity and cyclicity of the training process; gradual increase of loads; modular construction of the training process in the competitive period. The program of volleyball training sessions was presented in the form of three competitive (Z-1, Z-2, Z-3) and two corrective (K-1, K-2) modules.
The content of the training sessions within the framework of the competition modules was determined by the calendar of competitions of the Ukrainian volleyball championship (super league). The content of corrective modules was conditioned by: 1) test results after each competitor module; 2) the results of competitive activities of volleyball players in the previous adversary module. Changes in the amount of physical activity (corrective modules) are presented as percentages of the absolute values of physical activity data (previous competition module).
The main structural elements of the proposed program were special-preparatory, special exercises, means of general physical training.
To assess the development of special physical qualities of volleyball players, it was used a set of informative tests [7,15]. All volleyball players registered the following indicators of special physical fitness: jumping (jump up from place, cm); speed (test 9-3-6-3-9 m. -numbers indicate the distance to run on the volleyball court, c); jump stamina (number of ball losses); high-speed endurance (running 92 m "herringbone", c); general endurance (exercises in attacking impact from zones 2/4, c); special acrobatic endurance (c); mobility in the shoulder joints (conditional units, c.u.); leg force (number of squats for 20 s); the strength of the muscles of the hands (a drop of a scored ball weighing 1 kg, m); muscle strength of the abdominal press and back (the number of torso lifts from the position lying on the back for 10 s). It was also determined the level of general physical fitness [31]. The algorithm of the survey assumed: the implementation of the standard submaximal veloergometric test PWC170, measuring the length (cm) and weight (kg) of the body of athletes. It was carried out an automatic calculation of the absolute and relative importance of total physical capacity, absolute and relative value of aerobic capacity. Calculated quantitative values of the following indicators were determined: alactated and lactate power and capacity; anaerobic exchange threshold; heart rate at the threshold of anaerobic metabolism; total metabolic capacity; backup capabilities; the efficiency of the energy supply system for muscle activity.
Statistical analysis. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using packages of standard programs "STATISTICA 7.0" and Excel with the calculation of the following indicators: arithmetic mean ( х ), mean square deviation (σ), error arithmetic mean (S). It was also used correlation analysis.

Results.
The results obtained at the first stage of the experiment indicated that during the competitive season there was a characteristic gradual deterioration of the special physical fitness of volleyball players (Table 2).
It should also be noted that negative qualitative changes in these indicators, which were already considered as mostly average.
In order to determine the reasons for these changes, we conducted an analysis of the correlation of the indicators of special physical fitness of volleyball players with their level of general physical fitness (Table 3).
During the competitive season, the strongest correlation between the level of general physical fitness (LGPF) with: the level of general and hopping endurance;  At the end of the experiment there was observed among the athletes a significant decrease in only their overall endurance (by11,09±1,15%), high-speed endurance (by 2,11±1,38%) and special agility (by 1,56±1,52%) ( Table  4).
Changes in the remaining indicators of special physical training of volleyball players in the experimental group were insignificant and unreliable.
After the completion of the second stage of the experiment, there were no qualitative changes in the indicators of the special physical training of volleyball players (with the exception of the level of hopping endurance).

Discussion.
The analysis of special physical training of volleyball players showed a gradual deterioration of the indicators of their special physical training to the end of the competitive season. This fact coincides with the research data of other authors [3,17,24].
It is known that special physical training increases the functionality of the body. As a result, there is an improvement in the mobile qualities of volleyball players needed to improve sports results. The studies of a number of authors [8,22] determined that the study of the features of this relationship can be the basis for the compilation of an optimal program of training sessions. This is important for the various stages of the annual cycle of training (especially during the competition period).
This conceptual position was confirmed by our research. This gave an opportunity to substantiate the need for further improvement of the level of special physical fitness of athletes. At the basis of the experimental program of creating a training process were taken into account functional dependencies of the level of general physical preparedness of volleyball players with separate components of their special physical fitness. The developed program of constructing a training process in a competitive period is based on the modular principle. The program provides for the redistribution of the training load volumes of aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic orientation within the framework of corrective modules.
We conducted a correlation analysis of the relationship of indicators of the level of general physical fitness with indicators of special physical fitness. This allowed to identify the main emphasis on changes in volumes of special physical training.
As part of corrective modules, the training load of aerobic-anaerobic direction was increased, which was performed at heart rate (HR) 145-180 beats per minute -1 . The main means of training mixed nature are the following: complex-coordinated and technical actions in combination with the accuracy of transmission; response to moving object; technical blocking; attacking strikes. Volleyball is characterized by a complex manifestation of speed in gaming situations that are continuously changing. It requires: the manifestation of the reaction with the choice and reaction to a moving ball; performance of repeated start accelerations during blocking or strikes during an attack; performance of technical and gaming interactions with partners at the fastest pace [3,26]. Therefore, the volume of special running training combined with the elements of the game technology was increased. The hours of integral training were also increased, which enabled the athletes to increase their speed. To improve the special speed, it was recommended to use repeated, interval and competitive training methods.
Execution of technical techniques in volleyball is characterized by the manifestation of power qualities. This refers to the explosive force that manifests itself in the special jump. The training program envisaged an increase in the amount of exercise that was aimed at improving the special force and speed-power abilities. The main means have become various jumps, few jumps one by one, jump to a height (50-70 cm), jumps through barriers, exercises with encumbrance. The obtained experimental data confirm the research of specialists on improving the special physical fitness of volleyball players: the use of special exercises (anaerobic regimen at heart rate of 190-200 beats per minute -1 , maximal tempo) with the manifestation of significant muscle tensions in the minimum time [2,22,24].
In the framework of the pilot program, an increase in the amount of running training (uniform running, cross), swimming (aerobic regimen -heart rate 130-150 beats per minute -1 ) was envisaged, use of exercises for special coordination (aerobic-anaerobic regimen -heart rate 140-170 beats per minute -1 . Our data supplements the information of other researchers [20] that an integrated approach is needed to improve the special physical fitness of volleyball players, which combines aerobic and mixedaction exercises.
Confirmation of the correctness of our positions regarding the content and directions of special physical training of volleyball players is shown in the work of V.M. Kostiukevich [6] and studies by other authors [9,16,32]. The results of our study supplement the information of authors [7,10,32] on modern approaches to optimize the level of special physical fitness of volleyball players.
The results of the conducted research indicate a significant increase in the effectiveness of the training process of volleyball players. Confirmation of this was a successful statement by VC "Orbita-ZTMK-ZNU" in the competitive season of 2015/2016 (silver medals of the Ukrainian Championship).
The results of our study as a whole coincide with the data of the above studies. It should be noted, however, that the importance of optimizing the level of special physical training of volleyball players is to determine the general orientation of the training process and the specific volume of physical activity of different orientations.

Conclusions.
It is confirmed that maintaining a high level of special physical fitness of volleyball players in a competitive season for a long time is necessary to achieve high sports Note: * -p <0,05; ** -p <0.01; *** -p <0,001 compared with the beginning of the second stage of the experiment.

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results. It was established that the introduction into the training process of volleyball players of high qualification of the experimental program in the competition period requires the emphasis on the exercises of anaerobic and aerobicanaerobic orientation. This contributes to the significant optimization of the level of special physical fitness of volleyball players.

Financing
The research was performed according to the topic: "Studying the adaptive possibilities of the athlete's body at different stages of the training process" (2011-2015) (state registration number 0110U000683).