Comparative analysis of effectiveness of some students’ physical culture training methodic

Purpose: scientific researches witness about presence of serious tendency to weakening students’ everyday motor activity and absence of motivation to physical culture and sports practicing. Some specialists offer to solve this problem by making physical culture classes more oriented on sports. At the same time there are studies, offering to use methodic of cardio-power training. Comparative analysis of effectiveness of different programs on Physical culture trainings with the help of sport oriented approach and functional-power training. The main criterion of trainings’ effectiveness was the level of physical and functional fitness of students’ organism to physical loads. Material: in the research students (n=600: boys – n=300, girls – n=300, age – 19-20 years) participated. Selection of students was fulfilled, considering indicators of body mass. We used the methods of physical condition control and assessment (control tests) and functional fitness (functional tests). Besides, we considered indicators of busy mass by students’ regular weighing. Results: we found some increase of body mass of students, who attended different sport specialization trainings. Boys and girls (athletic gymnastic and ping pong) demonstrated confident body mass increase in average by 3-4 kg during academic year Students, practicing cardio-power training HOT IRONpractically did not increase body mass. Difference in body mass indicators of such students between beginning of trainings and at the end of the researches was insignificant (±0.3 kg). Tests’ results witness about general reduction of indicators of students’ main physical qualities during academic year. Significant increase of physical strength was found only in students, specializing in athletic gymnastic (boys and girls). Students of cardio-power training HOT IRON—demonstrated confident increase of indicators of physical strength, general endurance and flexibility. Conclusions: our results witness that there is a demand in corrections of students’ physical culture training methodic. Their base is programs of sport oriented physical education. With it, it is necessary to compulsory consider dynamic of body mass changes and targeted application of cardio-power training programs.

Introduction 1  In modern higher education students' physical education endures rather serious changes [4].It has been found that substantial intensification of educational process served as significant factor of students' everyday motor activity weakening [5,17,21].One more important factor of negative influence on students' health is their excessive involvement in computer games and internet [3,20,22].Deficit of students' everyday motor activity results in emersion of different diseases, excessive increase of body mass and obesity [6,25,34,40].
Specialists in the field of physical education offer to solve the problem of students' insufficient motor activity by increasing the level of motivation settings to regular physical culture and sports practicing [27,24,46].It is known that students' motivation is very important in physical culture and sports [7,2,9,19].Many students consciously do not attend academic physical culture classes, thinking that they are not important for them.One more reason of low motivation is absence of proper attention of universities' administration to sport facilities condition [26].This problem is very urgent as far as at present time organization and methods of physical culture trainings do not meet modern requirements [23].Specialists say that there is an acute demand in realization of students' health improvement programs as quick as possible (both bachelor and masters students) [30,51].In scientists' opinion modern physical education programs for students shall be directed at the following: increase of cultural level; preservation of psychic health; formation of steady motivations for healthy life style [8,21,11].
Specialists say that physical education methodic, oriented on sport oriented approach to trainings' organization and fulfillment corresponds to the largest extent to the mentioned conditions [13,28,49].Different studies show that there is noticeable positive correlation between physical culture trainings on the base of sport-oriented approach and students' psycho-physical qualities [10,43,45,47].Increase of level of young people's professional-applied physical fitness for future professional activity [42].Scientific works witness that different sport mass competitions influence positively on students' psychic health [16].
At the same time in literature there are data about use of individualized physical education of students [31].Scientists found that boy-students' physical activity level is higher than the same of girl-students [12].Therefore, physical education programs, considering students' main demands will be wanted [37].The studies show that the main demand of girls is physical attractiveness of body: 04 177 beauty of lines, flexibility, plasticity and grace [1,29].Boys prefer physical qualities: strength, endurance and quickness 14].In specialists' opinion such demands can be satisfied completely by methodic of cardio-power training.In the base of such methodic there are power exercises, fulfilled under rhythmic music [29,32].Application of such exercises permitted to substantially increase students' (boys and girls) physical fitness.Such approach will permit to successfully resist global threat -obesity of modern youth [44].Specialists also note high students' interest to physical training on the base of functional and power training (fitness, cross-fit, HOT IRON) [29,48].
At present, it is admitted by specialists that students' everyday way of life is a decisive factor of their professional longevity and health [38].The main component of healthy life style will be optimal level of modern young people's everyday motor activity [33,36].It is known that optimal level of everyday motor activity is a protective barrier against many not catching diseases [17].In scientists' opinion just the programs of physical culture trainings, based on sport-oriented approach and individualized functional-power training will be able to ensure optimal level of modern young people's everyday motor activity.At the same time among scientists there no single opinion about the most effective programs of young people's (schoolchildren and students) physical education.
Hypothesis: it is assumed that comparative analysis of recommended by specialists, practical trainings' methodic will facilitate finding of the most effective methodic.These programs are: trainings on the base of profound practicing of a kind of sports; trainings on the base of power and functional training.
The purpose of the research: is determination of the most effective program for students' physical and functional fitness and methodic of physical culture practical classes in universities.

Material and methods
Participants: in the research students (n=600: boys -n=300, girls -n=300, age -19-20 years) participated.All the tested were the students of Siberian federal university.Selection of students was fulfilled, considering indicators of body mass.Mass range of boys' bodies was 75.9 -79.1 kg.Mean value of boys' body mass was 77.5 kg.Mass range of girls' bodies was 47.9 -52.3 kg.Mean value of girl's' body mass was 49.8 kg.All students gave their consent for participation in the research.
Organization of the research: the researches were conducted during academic year.Students (boys and girls) were divided into two equal groups.The students attended physical culture classes of certain specialization, by their choice (trainings, based on profound practicing of definite kind of sports).For our studies we chose the most popular among students, specializations: athletic gymnastic, boxing, basketball, volleyball, ping pong.Two students' groups (boys and girls) attended trainings, based on cardio-power training (HOT IRON) [32].It should be noted that HOT IRON trainings at high quality are possible only through specialized training.In Russian Federation only a few HEE teachers have international certificates of HOT IRON instructors.Therefore, practicing of students' trainings on the base of such programs contains element of scientific novelty.
At the beginning and at the end of the research all students passed a number of tests for general physical fitness.It permitted to rather objectively assess the students' physical condition and functional fitness.It is known that main parameters of physical workability have strong correlations with human physical fitness [41].General physical fitness is a necessary component of person's physical health [39].Insufficient physical fitness negatively influences on human physical health in general.
Strength was assessed by quantity of chin ups (for girls it was the quantity of pressing ups from the floor).Endurance was assessed by time of 3000 meters' run (for girls -2000 meters' distance).Quickness was registered by time of 100 meters' run.Forward bending in sitting position was the test for flexibility.Functional fitness was assessed by results of Martinet's test.Besides, every month we regularly measured students' body mass.The purpose of weighing was to control dynamic of body mass changes under influence of differently oriented physical exercises.
Statistical analysis was fulfilled with the help of SPSS20 program.Results of mean values in two interconnected samples were carried out with Student's t-test.

Results
At the beginning of the researches, by results of control tests we did not find confident differences.Boys and girls demonstrated approximately equal potential of muscular strength, general endurance, flexibility and quickness.Results of functional test (Martinet's test) also witnessed about prevalence of normosthenic type of reaction to physical load in majority of students.In average, in boys normosthenic type of reaction was found in 93% and in girls -in 86%.Body mass indicators were in average: in boys-77.5 kg and in girls -49.8 kg.
At the end of the researches we found distinctions in control tests' results and, sometimes, rather substantial.Students (athletic gymnastic: boys and girls demonstrated significant (Р<0.05)increase of physical strength indicators and insignificant reduction of flexibility and quickness (boys).In girls worsening of quickness indicators was confidently significant (Р<0.05In students (boys and girls -basketball) we found insignificant increase of physical strength indicators at the end of the researches.General endurance, flexibility and quickness worsened a little.Martinet test's results point at reduction of quantity of students, having normosthenic type of reaction to physical loads.Weighing showed that body mass of the tested students increased in average by 1.7 kg.Increase of girls' body mass was statistically significant (in average by 2.2 kg).
Young people (boys and girls -volleyball) demonstrated insignificant reduction of physical strength, general endurance, quickness and flexibility at the end of the research.We also registered worsening of positive results by type of organism's reaction to physical load (not confident.Body mass indicators increased in average by 2 kg in boys and 1 kg in girls. Students (boys and girls -ping pong) demonstrated insignificant reduction of flexibility and quickness indicators.Physical strength remained practically at the level, which was at the beginning of experiment.We found significant (Р<0.05)weakening of general endurance and statistically significant reduction of Martinet test's results.Body mass confidently (Р<0.05)increased in average by 3 kg in boys and by 2.6 kg in girls.
Students (boys and girls -HOT IRON) demonstrated confidently significant (Р<0.05)increase of physical strength, general endurance and flexibility indicators at the end of experiment.Quickness increased insignificantly.Martinet test's results point at reduction of quantity of students (boys and girls), having normosthenic type of reaction to physical loads.Body mass indicators increased not confidently, within 0.3 kg and insignificant reduction (within 0.2 kg) in girls.
Complete results of the researches are shown in tables 1 and 2.

Discussion
The received data can cause some questions of specialists.But our data concord with some works, devoted to studying of the most effective methodic of physical culture practicing in higher educational establishments [30,35].As it is known, before enrolling to definite sport specialization students are selected.Selection is fulfilled by results of tests for general physical fitness: chin ups, jumps, run and so on.Teachers enroll to specialization the most physically trained students.However, the level of fitness to technical elements of definite kind of sports in most of students is not high.Thus, most of training time is spent for training of basic technical actions.A little attention has to be paid to perfection of fulfillment of exercises and game interactions [31].The volume of motor activity, devoted to training of new technical elements, is hot large.It explains some reduction of main indicators of students' physical condition with the time.
It should be noted also unsatisfactory quality of sport facilities in most universities for trainings on the base of sort-oriented approach.It was found that most of students can not realize to the fullest extent their potential because of deficit of sport facilities and equipment.For example, for ping-pong training of 50 students it is necessary to have 25 tennis tables.For basketball trainings such quantity of students will require 5 sites.To play any games students have to wait their turn for long time.
That is why we offer to make some corrections of structure and methodic of such trainings.Physical culture teachers shall pay attention to opportunities for increase of students' motor activity.It is possible at the account of noticeable increase of time for game and competition activity.In most of schools and HEEs of the USA and Canada physical culture classes are conducted in the form of direct competition training and competitions in football, basketball, baseball [50].
Besides, it is necessary to introduce compulsory control over changes of students' body mass.Significant changes of body mass shall be followed by correction of trainings' structure and methodic.
In its turn, methodic of functional and power training (HOT IRON) demonstrated effectiveness in prevention from obesity.Mainly, this effect is achieved by high level of motor activity and power and aerobic loads' reasonable combination.Such methodic becomes popular in different countries.For example, in China physical education programs are oriented of sport perfection with the help of fitness programs [15].But even this methodic requires certain changes.For example specialists found need in substantial development of some professionally important for future specialist abilities: speed-power and coordination [42].For this purpose physical culture teachers shall use at classes complexes of exercises, facilitating optimal development of such abilities.Conclusions 1.It was found that reduction of students (boys and girls), attending sport oriented physical culture trainings, main physical condition indicators is, in a number of cases, confidently significant (P<0.05).Students of some specializations (athletic gymnastic, boxing, ping pong) demonstrated noticeable worsening of type of organism's reaction to physical load (Martinet's test).Students, who practiced individual cardio-power training demonstrated confident (Р<0.05)increase of physical strength, endurance and flexibility.In most of students type of reaction to physical load remained to be normosthenic.
2. Our results showed negative dynamic of body mass increase in most of students, in average by 2.5 kg (boys) and 2 kg (girls) (during academic year.Increase of body mass takes place independently on specific of the chosen by students kind of sports.It permits to affirm that general level of motor activity (boys and girls -sport oriented approach) is not sufficient for prevention from body mass increase and obesity.Students (functional-power training) did not demonstrated noticeable body mass changes during academic year.It permits to recommend the methodic of cardio-power training as effective mean for prevention from obesity in students.

Table 1 .
Indicators of physical condition and functional fitness of the tested students (boys-n=300)

Table 2 .
Indicators of physical condition and functional fitness of the tested students (girls -n=300) Notes:* -Р<0.05 -level of significance