50-59 Gaurav Dureja Department of Physical Education-TE&L, Post Graduate Government College g_dureja83@yahoo.com

Madhya Marg, Sector 11D, Chandigarh, 160011, India

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0508-6387 Gagandeep Singh Department of Physical Education-TE&L, Post Graduate Government College g_dureja83@yahoo.com

Madhya Marg, Sector 11D, Chandigarh, 160011, India

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-4301 SUPERSTITIOUS BEHAVIOR AMONG JUDO, TAEKWONDO AND BOXING PLAYERS Purpose: The present study was designed to measure superstitious behavior among Judo, Taekwondo and Boxing players. Material: Thirty (N=30) male inter-college level players with the age group of 19-25 years were selected through purposive sampling technique to act as subjects from affiliated colleges of Panjab University, Chandigarh. They were further divided into three groups: Group-A [Judo (n=10)], Group-B [Taekwondo (n=10)] and Group-C [Boxing (n=10)]. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to find out the differences among judo, taekwondo and boxing players. Where ‘F’ values found significant, Least Significant Differences (LSD) Post-hoc test was applied to find out the direction and degree of difference. Results: The level of significance was set at 0.05. The result revealed significant differences among judo, taekwondo and boxing players on the sub parameters: clothing and appearance, preparation, team ritual and coach. However, no significant differences have been observed on the sub-parameters fetish, game/competition, prayer and parameter superstitious (Total). Conclusions: The obtained results showed significant differences on the sub-parameter Coach among Judo, Taekwondo and Boxing players. While calculating the mean values of entire groups, it has been observed that Boxing players demonstrate significantly better on the sub-parameter Coach. Therefore, it can be ascertained that Boxing players are more confident that coach bring a lucky charm to our game. 10.15561/20755279.2016.0208 Superstitious behavior; Judo; Taekwondo; Boxing; players; Bal BS, Singh D, Badwal KK, & Dhaliwal GS. Superstitions behaviour and decision making in collegiate athletes: An illogical phenomenon. Advances in Physical Education, 2014;4(1):1-5. Bleak JL, & Frederick CM. Superstitious behavior in sport: levels of effectiveness and determinants of use in three collegiate sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 1998;21:1-15. Brooks M. Born believers: How your brain creates God. New Scientist Magazine, 2009;201:30-33. Cicero H. Pietas: selected studies in roman religion. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill; 1980. George S, & Sreedhar KP. Globalisation and the prevalence of superstitious beliefs. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 2006;32(3):241-247. Heider F. The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley; 1958. Hollander ED. Principles and methods of social psychology. 2nd Edition; New York: Oxford University Press; 1971. Johada G. Superstition and emotional maladjustment. Journal of Educational Research, 1969;28(8):592-617. Skinner BF. “Superstition” in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1948;38:168-172. Turcan R. The Cults of the Roman Empire. Nevill, Antonia (trans.).Oxford English Dictionary (Second ed.). Oxford University Press; 1996. Van Raalte JL, Brewer BW, Neneroff CJ, & Linder DE. Chance orientation and superstitious behaviour on the putting green. Journal of Sport Behavior, 1991;14:41-50. Wann DL, Grieve FG, End C, Zapalac RK, Lanter JR, Pease DG, & Wallace A. Examining the superstitious behaviors of sports fans: Types of superstitions, perceptions of impact, and relationship with team identification. Athletic Insight,2010;5:21-44. Weiner B. History of motivational research in education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1990;82:616-622. Wilson S. The relationship between superstitious behaviours of sports. (Unpublished Master’s Dissertation). Western Kentucky University; 2011. Womack M. Why athletes need ritual: A study of magic among professional athletes. In S.J. Hoffman (Ed.), Sport and religion (pp. 191–202). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1992. Rotter Julian B. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 1966;80(1):1-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0092976